Predictor | I. Pooled | II. France | III. Spain | IV. Italy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AME | se | AME | se | AME | se | AME | se | |
Legal status (ref: fully regular: RP_WP) | ||||||||
Fully irregular (NRP_NWP) | −0.22*** | 0.016 | −0.25*** | 0.028 | −0.21*** | 0.023 | −0.20*** | 0.031 |
Mixed (NRP_WP) | −0.14*** | 0.027 | −0.20*** | 0.038 | 0.11 | 0.14 | −0.11* | 0.042 |
Mixed (RP_NWP) | −0.077*** | 0.023 | −0.13*** | 0.033 | −0.038 | 0.048 | 0.013 | 0.049 |
Destination (ref: France) | ||||||||
Spain | 0.0089 | 0.037 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Italy | −0.038 | 0.034 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Entry status: no visa (ref: visa) | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.039 | 0.034 | −0.060+ | 0.035 | −0.096* | 0.040 |
Years in destination | 0.0099*** | 0.0013 | 0.010*** | 0.0019 | 0.014*** | 0.0024 | 0.010*** | 0.0024 |
Period of arrival: post-1990 (ref: pre-1990) | 0.032 | 0.029 | 0.017 | 0.046 | −0.030 | 0.054 | 0.011 | 0.071 |
Age at start of current migration spell | −0.00029 | 0.002 | 0.000082 | 0.0032 | −0.0011 | 0.0026 | −0.00021 | 0.0046 |
Sex: Male (ref: female) | 0.01 | 0.031 | −0.035 | 0.051 | −0.0081 | 0.046 | 0.051 | 0.063 |
Years of education | 0.0058* | 0.0025 | 0.012** | 0.0042 | 0.00091 | 0.0035 | 0.0016 | 0.0060 |
Ethnicity: Wolof (ref.: other) | 0.034 | 0.029 | −0.018 | 0.052 | 0.12** | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.056 |
Religion: Mouride (ref.: other) | 0.047 | 0.032 | 0.042 | 0.067 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.030 | 0.052 |
Economic activity (ref.: unemployed) | ||||||||
Employed | 0.036 | 0.031 | −0.065 | 0.058 | 0.18*** | 0.042 | 0.053 | 0.053 |
Inactive | 0.0029 | 0.035 | −0.084 | 0.062 | 0.14** | 0.054 | −0.069 | 0.065 |
Occupation: self-employed (ref.: other) | −0.018 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.076 | 0.015 | 0.037 | −0.045 | 0.036 |
Self-reported econ. status: good (ref.: bad) | 0.041 | 0.035 | −0.075 | 0.047 | −0.088 | 0.099 | 0.11* | 0.053 |
Number of contacts at destination | 0.0011 | 0.004 | −0.0054 | 0.0060 | −0.011 | 0.0079 | 0.014 | 0.0094 |
Number of trips | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.022 | 0.017 | −0.015 | 0.024 | −0.019 | 0.032 |
Does not speak language of destination | −0.022 | 0.029 | 0.057 | 0.12 | −0.099** | 0.036 | 0.0017 | 0.051 |
Kids in Senegal (ref.: no) | −0.0018 | 0.019 | −0.038 | 0.035 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.014 | 0.031 |
Spouse in Senegal (ref.: no) | 0.15*** | 0.026 | 0.082+ | 0.047 | 0.073+ | 0.040 | 0.22*** | 0.041 |
Geographic origin: from Dakar (ref.: other) | 0.021 | 0.028 | −0.0096 | 0.049 | −0.045 | 0.038 | 0.095+ | 0.051 |
Father's ed.: < secondary school (ref.: more) | −0.016 | 0.029 | 0.023 | 0.047 | −0.0019 | 0.043 | −0.034 | 0.056 |
Trip paid by family (ref.: no) | −0.013 | 0.027 | −0.027 | 0.045 | −0.037 | 0.044 | 0.0082 | 0.055 |
Plan to stay: definitive (ref.: no) | −0.01 | 0.025 | 0.011 | 0.046 | −0.0018 | 0.036 | −0.014 | 0.050 |
Trip motivation: work/better life (ref.: other) | −0.0044 | 0.025 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.0041 | 0.037 | −0.024 | 0.061 |
At least one parent alive in Sn. (ref.: no) | −0.053* | 0.022 | −0.014 | 0.032 | −0.058 | 0.038 | −0.054 | 0.045 |
Log likelihood | −3411.38 | −1608.37 | −883.35 | −851.44 | ||||
ρ (latent) | 0.51 | 0.507 | 0.317 | 0.637 | ||||
Pearson's r (manifest) | 0.3 | 0.347 | 0.192 | 0.431 | ||||
Observations (person-years) | 8119 | 3676 | 2089 | 2354 |