Ambiguous citizenship policies: Examining implementation gaps across levels of legislation in Jordan

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 1 A policy’s law and implementation components

Law	Implementation
• Articles in the constitution • Provisions in laws and bylaws^a • Terms of bilateral or multilateral agreements	• Regulations, decrees, decisions, instructions • Court records of implementation measures^b • Descriptions of implementation measures^c

^aBylaws can be law when there is no law above them governing that policy area, such as Jordan’s civil service
^bThe records of court cases where individuals sue a government actor can include details about the regulations that the actor claimed to follow when executing the disputed action
^cOfficials can describe the implementation legislation that they issued or were following; individuals can report what officials said about the regulations that supported the official’s actions toward them