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Table 1 Descriptive outcomes of (in-) dependent variables, by group and city

From: Behind the scenes: family involvement and educational achievements of second-generation Turks in Austria, France and Sweden

   

Austria

France

Sweden

   

Vienna

Linz

Paris

Strasbourg

Stockholm

Variable

Metric

2GT

CG

2GT

CG

2GT

CG

2GT

CG

2GT

CG

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Early school leavers

1 = Yes

0.29

0.14

0.19

0.08

0.09

0.03

0.19

0.03

0.09

0.04

0 = No

(0.45)

(0.34)

(0.39)

(0.28)

(0.27)

(0.18)

(0.39)

(0.14)

(0.28)

(0.18)

High achiever

1 = Yes

0.14

0.35

0.22

0.33

57.7

0.70

0.31

0.71

47.4

0.62

0 = No

(0.35)

(0.47)

(0.42)

(0.42)

(0.49)

(0.45)

(0.46)

(0.45)

(0.47)

(0.48)

PARENTS

Importance of parents

1=

not important

2.76

3.10

3.16

3.18

3.26

3.54

2.65

3.47

2.07

2.65

 

5=

very important

(1.1)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.1)

(1.4)

(0.9)

(1.1)

(1.1)

Homework control

1=

never

2.86

2.91

3.26

2.71

3.02

3.23

2.72

3.53

2.41

1.93

 

5=

often

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.4)

(1.5)

(1.3)

(1.2)

(1.1)

Talking about school

1=

never

3.38

3.27

3.61

3.52

3.65

3.93

3.73

4.05

3.65

3.54

 

5=

often

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.1)

(1.1)

(1.0)

(1.2)

(1.0)

(1.0)

(0.9)

Helping with homework

1=

never

2.53

2.81

2.84

2.81

2.07

2.98

1.68

3.06

1.89

2.48

 

5=

often

(1.2)

(1.1)

(1.3)

(1.1)

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.1)

(1.1)

(1.0)

(1.0)

Contact with teachers

1=

never

3.30

2.93

3.33

2.71

3.00

3.31

2.96

3.28

2.38

2.13

 

5=

often

(1.2)

(1.1)

(1.3)

(1.1)

(1.1)

(1.0)

(1.3)

(1.0)

(1.0)

(0.8)

Parental support index

1=

never

3.02

2.98

2.93

3.25

2.94

3.36

2.78

3.48

2.58

2.52

 

5=

often

(1.0)

(0.9)

(0.8)

(1.1)

(0.9)

(0.8)

(1.0)

(0.8)

(0.8)

(0.7)

SIBLINGS

Importance of siblings

1=

not important

2.32

1.64

2.83

1.88

1.80

2.24

2.38

2.16

3.01

3.90

 

5=

very important

(1.5)

(1.1)

(1.7)

(1.3)

(1.2)

(1.4)

(1.4)

(1.5)

(1.4)

(1.1)

Help with homework

1=

never

2.11

1.56

2.49

1.70

1.80

1.58

2.17

1.53

1.69

1.34

 

5=

often

(1.4)

(1.0)

(1.5)

(1.1)

(1.3)

(0.9)

(1.4)

(1.0)

(1.0)

(0.8)

Talking about school

1=

never

2.02

1.48

2.3

1.78

1.99

1.93

2.48

1.75

2.58

2.14

 

5=

often

(1.3)

(0.9)

(1.4)

(1.1)

(1.3)

(1.2)

(1.6)

(1.1)

(1.2)

(1.1)

Sibling support index

1=

never

2.07

1.52

2.39

1.74

1.89

1.75

2.32

1.64

2.13

1.74

 

5=

often

(1.3)

(0.9)

(1.4)

(1.0)

(1.2)

(1.0)

(1.4)

(1.0)

(0.9)

(0.8)

Has older siblings without diploma

1=

Yes

0.11

0.03

0.10

0.03

0.03

0.08

0.50

0.07

0.09

0.07

 

0=

No

(0.3)

(0.2)

(0.3)

(0.2)

(0.2)

(0.3)

(0.4)

(0.3)

(0.3)

(0.3)

Number of older siblings

0 -10

2.62

1.10

2.14

1.45

2.01

1.79

2.99

1.74

3.19

2.13

   

(1.4)

(1.2)

(1.1)

(1.2)

(1.2)

(1.4)

(1.7)

(1.4)

(1.6)

(1.4)

CONTROL VARIABLES

Parents’ host-country language ability

1=

Not at all

4.01

-

4.55

-

3.82

-

3.62

-

4.89

-

6=

Very well

(1.0)

 

(1.0)

 

(1.0)

 

(1.1)

 

(0.8)

 

Parents’ Educational level

1=

no school/primary

2.21

 

2.38

 

2.22

 

1.83

 

2.39

 

4=

Post-sec./tertiary

(1.0)

 

(1.1)

 

(1.1)

 

(0.9)

 

(1.2)

 

Length of residence in host country

14-

63

31.74

-

33.35

-

33.16

-

34.03

-

33.97

 
   

(6.8)

 

(6.7)

 

(4.1)

 

(4.0)

 

(5.2)

 

Family size

0=

siblings

2.62

 

2.14

 

2.02

 

3.02

 

2.52

 
 

10=

siblings

(1.4)

 

(1.1)

 

(1.3)

 

(1.8)

 

(1.9)

 

N.

  

252

250

206

234

248

174

252

177

251

250

  1. Source: TIES 2007–2008
  2. Notes: Mean values are presented, standard deviations in brackets. 2GT = Second-generation Turks CG = Comparison group