Table 1 Dimensions of analysis and theory-derived ideas on migration determinants
Role of development | Role of states | |
|---|---|---|
Volume | Emigration initially increases with development, to decrease at higher development levels. | Autocratic and nationalist governments are better able and willing to reduce levels of emigration and immigration. |
Direction | Development leads to an increasing proportion of populations to migrate to other continents. | Post-colonial relations stimulate migration to former colonisers, although this ‘colonial echo’ decreases over time. |