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Table 8 Migrants in France vs. Non-migrants. Two-stage least squares results

From: Do migrants adopt new political attitudes from abroad? Evidence using a multi-sited exit-poll survey during the 2013 Malian elections

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

 

DEMOC i

POLITIC i

POLITIC2 i

JUSTICE i

POLICE i

MEDIA i

ARMY i

INTEREST i

INTEREST2013 i

CLOSEPOL i

MEMBER POL i

MIGFRANCE i (1)

0.023

−0.113

−0.202

−0.171

−0.100

−0.147

−0.368

0.003

0.014

−0.161

−0.181

 

(0.22)

(−1.28)

(−1.65)*

(−1.76)*

(−0.90)

(−1.25)

(−2.86)***

(0.02)

(0.12)

(−1.26)

(−1.49)

Male

−0.020

0.005

0.059

0.007

−0.029

0.010

0.047

0.107

0.022

0.065

0.047

 

(−0.60)

(0.20)

(1.63)

(0.23)

(−0.86)

(0.28)

(1.20)

(2.75)***

(0.61)

(1.63)

(1.26)

Ethnicity (Mother’s tongue) [ref. is other]

 Bambara

−0.018

0.031

0.090

0.042

0.141

0.072

0.100

−0.022

0.022

−0.032

0.034

 

(−0.31)

(0.64)

(1.37)

(0.78)

(2.28)**

(1.11)

(1.41)

(−0.31)

(0.35)

(−0.45)

(0.51)

 Malinke

0.044

0.004

0.121

0.050

0.106

0.086

0.132

0.006

0.052

0.019

0.036

 

(0.62)

(0.08)

(1.55)

(0.78)

(1.44)

(1.11)

(1.56)

(0.07)

(0.68)

(0.22)

(0.45)

 Peul

−0.004

−0.007

0.014

0.129

0.061

0.040

0.097

−0.118

0.088

−0.013

0.020

 

(−0.05)

(−0.10)

(0.16)

(1.79)*

(0.73)

(0.45)

(1.01)

(−1.25)

(1.02)

(−0.14)

(0.22)

 Sonraï/Djerma

0.165

−0.041

0.022

0.099

0.184

0.103

0.118

−0.072

0.124

0.083

0.038

 

(1.52)

(−0.47)

(0.18)

(1.01)

(1.63)

(0.87)

(0.91)

(−0.56)

(1.05)

(0.63)

(0.30)

 Dogon

−0.044

0.001

0.008

0.056

−0.079

−0.038

0.208

0.039

0.003

0.103

0.055

 

(−0.37)

(0.01)

(0.06)

(0.52)

(−0.64)

(−0.29)

(1.47)

(0.28)

(0.03)

(0.72)

(0.41)

 Soninke

−0.036

0.073

−0.022

0.074

0.071

0.097

0.133

−0.092

0.002

0.010

0.082

 

(−0.47)

(1.18)

(−0.25)

(1.08)

(0.90)

(1.17)

(1.46)

(−1.02)

(0.03)

(0.11)

(0.94)

 Khassonke

−0.126

−0.028

−0.096

−0.010

−0.106

−0.077

0.080

−0.220

−0.076

−0.135

0.015

 

(−1.04)

(−0.28)

(−0.71)

(−0.09)

(−0.84)

(−0.58)

(0.54)

(−1.52)

(−0.58)

(−0.91)

(0.10)

Age category [ref. is 18–25]

 [25–35 [

−0.005

0.044

0.009

−0.029

−0.053

−0.009

−0.009

0.008

0.004

−0.038

0.026

 

(−0.12)

(1.31)

(0.21)

(−0.79)

(−1.24)

(−0.20)

(−0.19)

(0.17)

(0.08)

(−0.76)

(0.55)

 [35–45 [

−0.061

0.054

0.060

0.011

−0.065

0.009

−0.040

0.139

−0.022

−0.016

0.072

 

(−1.17)

(1.27)

(1.05)

(0.24)

(−1.20)

(0.16)

(−0.65)

(2.27)**

(−0.39)

(−0.25)

(1.22)

 [45–60 [

0.081

0.067

−0.011

−0.047

−0.075

−0.057

−0.067

0.136

0.020

0.038

0.054

 

(1.39)

(1.40)

(−0.18)

(−0.91)

(−1.25)

(−0.90)

(−0.97)

(1.98)**

(0.32)

(0.54)

(0.81)

 [60–75 [

0.012

0.063

−0.021

−0.083

−0.072

0.059

−0.019

0.021

−0.119

−0.190

−0.007

 

(0.18)

(1.09)

(−0.27)

(−1.31)

(−0.99)

(0.77)

(−0.22)

(0.25)

(−1.57)

(−2.24)**

(−0.08)

 75 and more

−0.233

−0.111

−0.209

−0.210

−0.059

0.077

−0.060

0.022

−0.021

−0.182

0.265

 

(−1.49)

(−0.86)

(−1.21)

(−1.39)

(−0.36)

(0.45)

(−0.32)

(0.12)

(−0.12)

(−0.96)

(1.48)

Level of education [ref. is No education]

 Primary

0.047

−0.000

−0.067

0.059

−0.034

0.034

−0.072

0.005

−0.053

0.142

0.094

 

(1.16)

(−0.01)

(−1.47)

(1.62)

(−0.79)

(0.77)

(−1.47)

(0.10)

(−1.21)

(2.87)***

(2.02)**

 Secondary

0.022

−0.018

−0.006

−0.035

−0.054

−0.011

−0.108

0.046

0.036

0.123

0.174

 

(0.51)

(−0.50)

(−0.12)

(−0.91)

(−1.21)

(−0.24)

(−2.08)**

(0.90)

(0.76)

(2.35)**

(3.52)***

 Tertiary

−0.030

−0.031

−0.069

−0.015

−0.017

−0.059

−0.108

0.129

0.065

0.122

0.166

 

(−0.66)

(−0.82)

(−1.34)

(−0.37)

(−0.35)

(−1.17)

(−1.96)*

(2.36)**

(1.30)

(2.18)**

(3.15)***

Region of birth [ref. Bamako]

 Kayes

−0.026

−0.020

0.074

0.032

0.119

0.142

0.099

0.063

0.007

0.013

0.056

 

(−0.72)

(−0.68)

(1.83)*

(0.97)

(3.16)***

(3.59)***

(2.29)**

(1.46)

(0.18)

(0.30)

(1.37)

 Koulikoro

−0.166

−0.072

0.021

−0.014

−0.039

−0.111

0.011

−0.103

0.049

−0.052

−0.053

 

(−2.86)***

(−1.52)

(0.33)

(−0.27)

(−0.65)

(−1.76)*

(0.15)

(−1.51)

(0.79)

(−0.75)

(−0.80)

 Sikasso

−0.145

−0.104

−0.126

−0.038

−0.116

−0.031

−0.032

−0.137

0.074

−0.160

−0.050

 

(−1.96)*

(−1.70)*

(−1.54)

(−0.56)

(−1.50)

(−0.38)

(−0.36)

(−1.55)

(0.91)

(−1.78)*

(−0.59)

 Segou

−0.067

−0.039

0.041

0.033

0.057

0.057

0.089

−0.045

−0.033

−0.044

−0.067

 

(−1.10)

(−0.78)

(0.61)

(0.59)

(0.90)

(0.84)

(1.22)

(−0.62)

(−0.50)

(−0.60)

(−0.95)

 Mopti

−0.058

−0.047

0.114

−0.057

0.017

0.034

−0.142

−0.181

0.015

−0.054

−0.043

 

(−0.66)

(−0.64)

(1.16)

(−0.72)

(0.18)

(0.35)

(−1.33)

(−1.71)*

(0.15)

(−0.50)

(−0.42)

 Gao/Mopti/

−0.389

−0.105

−0.097

−0.102

−0.027

−0.100

−0.071

0.043

0.044

−0.198

0.010

 Kidal

(−3.01)***

(−0.99)

(−0.68)

(−0.88)

(−0.20)

(−0.71)

(−0.46)

(0.28)

(0.32)

(−1.26)

(0.06)

 Abroad

0.040

0.028

0.177

0.155

0.058

0.136

0.123

0.023

0.051

0.079

−0.025

 

(0.41)

(0.35)

(1.65)*

(1.77)*

(0.58)

(1.28)

(1.06)

(0.20)

(0.48)

(0.68)

(−0.22)

 Constant

0.266

0.117

0.232

0.144

0.216

0.201

0.391

0.262

0.677

0.511

0.128

 

(3.55)***

(1.91)*

(2.80)***

(2.14)**

(2.76)***

(2.45)**

(4.36)***

(2.95)***

(8.35)***

(5.63)***

(1.50)

Underident. test

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

Weak ident. Test(1)

62.163

62.693

59.240

62.325

62.462

61.918

62.410

63.731

63.244

63.443

62.878

Sargan (p value)

0.728

0.996

0.966

0.091

0.278

0.698

0.755

0.271

0.848

0.390

0.688

Number of obs.

843

843

837

840

845

843

844

849

848

848

848

  1. (1) The reference category is “Being a non-migrant
  2. *p < 0.10. **p < 0.05. ***p < 0.01
  3. The list of instruments includes a dummy variable for whether the individual is the household head and real GDP par capita growth in France for when the individual is 24 yearsold (source: World Bank, 2015). (1) The Stock-Yogo weak identification test critical value at 10 % is 19.93
  4. Student’s t in parentheses