(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DEMOC i | POLITIC i | POLITIC2 i | JUSTICE i | POLICE i | MEDIA i | ARMY i | INTEREST i | INTEREST2013 i | CLOSEPOL i | MEMBER POL i | |
MIGFRANCE i (1) | 0.023 | −0.113 | −0.202 | −0.171 | −0.100 | −0.147 | −0.368 | 0.003 | 0.014 | −0.161 | −0.181 |
(0.22) | (−1.28) | (−1.65)* | (−1.76)* | (−0.90) | (−1.25) | (−2.86)*** | (0.02) | (0.12) | (−1.26) | (−1.49) | |
Male | −0.020 | 0.005 | 0.059 | 0.007 | −0.029 | 0.010 | 0.047 | 0.107 | 0.022 | 0.065 | 0.047 |
(−0.60) | (0.20) | (1.63) | (0.23) | (−0.86) | (0.28) | (1.20) | (2.75)*** | (0.61) | (1.63) | (1.26) | |
Ethnicity (Mother’s tongue) [ref. is other] | |||||||||||
Bambara | −0.018 | 0.031 | 0.090 | 0.042 | 0.141 | 0.072 | 0.100 | −0.022 | 0.022 | −0.032 | 0.034 |
(−0.31) | (0.64) | (1.37) | (0.78) | (2.28)** | (1.11) | (1.41) | (−0.31) | (0.35) | (−0.45) | (0.51) | |
Malinke | 0.044 | 0.004 | 0.121 | 0.050 | 0.106 | 0.086 | 0.132 | 0.006 | 0.052 | 0.019 | 0.036 |
(0.62) | (0.08) | (1.55) | (0.78) | (1.44) | (1.11) | (1.56) | (0.07) | (0.68) | (0.22) | (0.45) | |
Peul | −0.004 | −0.007 | 0.014 | 0.129 | 0.061 | 0.040 | 0.097 | −0.118 | 0.088 | −0.013 | 0.020 |
(−0.05) | (−0.10) | (0.16) | (1.79)* | (0.73) | (0.45) | (1.01) | (−1.25) | (1.02) | (−0.14) | (0.22) | |
Sonraï/Djerma | 0.165 | −0.041 | 0.022 | 0.099 | 0.184 | 0.103 | 0.118 | −0.072 | 0.124 | 0.083 | 0.038 |
(1.52) | (−0.47) | (0.18) | (1.01) | (1.63) | (0.87) | (0.91) | (−0.56) | (1.05) | (0.63) | (0.30) | |
Dogon | −0.044 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.056 | −0.079 | −0.038 | 0.208 | 0.039 | 0.003 | 0.103 | 0.055 |
(−0.37) | (0.01) | (0.06) | (0.52) | (−0.64) | (−0.29) | (1.47) | (0.28) | (0.03) | (0.72) | (0.41) | |
Soninke | −0.036 | 0.073 | −0.022 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.097 | 0.133 | −0.092 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.082 |
(−0.47) | (1.18) | (−0.25) | (1.08) | (0.90) | (1.17) | (1.46) | (−1.02) | (0.03) | (0.11) | (0.94) | |
Khassonke | −0.126 | −0.028 | −0.096 | −0.010 | −0.106 | −0.077 | 0.080 | −0.220 | −0.076 | −0.135 | 0.015 |
(−1.04) | (−0.28) | (−0.71) | (−0.09) | (−0.84) | (−0.58) | (0.54) | (−1.52) | (−0.58) | (−0.91) | (0.10) | |
Age category [ref. is 18–25] | |||||||||||
[25–35 [ | −0.005 | 0.044 | 0.009 | −0.029 | −0.053 | −0.009 | −0.009 | 0.008 | 0.004 | −0.038 | 0.026 |
(−0.12) | (1.31) | (0.21) | (−0.79) | (−1.24) | (−0.20) | (−0.19) | (0.17) | (0.08) | (−0.76) | (0.55) | |
[35–45 [ | −0.061 | 0.054 | 0.060 | 0.011 | −0.065 | 0.009 | −0.040 | 0.139 | −0.022 | −0.016 | 0.072 |
(−1.17) | (1.27) | (1.05) | (0.24) | (−1.20) | (0.16) | (−0.65) | (2.27)** | (−0.39) | (−0.25) | (1.22) | |
[45–60 [ | 0.081 | 0.067 | −0.011 | −0.047 | −0.075 | −0.057 | −0.067 | 0.136 | 0.020 | 0.038 | 0.054 |
(1.39) | (1.40) | (−0.18) | (−0.91) | (−1.25) | (−0.90) | (−0.97) | (1.98)** | (0.32) | (0.54) | (0.81) | |
[60–75 [ | 0.012 | 0.063 | −0.021 | −0.083 | −0.072 | 0.059 | −0.019 | 0.021 | −0.119 | −0.190 | −0.007 |
(0.18) | (1.09) | (−0.27) | (−1.31) | (−0.99) | (0.77) | (−0.22) | (0.25) | (−1.57) | (−2.24)** | (−0.08) | |
75 and more | −0.233 | −0.111 | −0.209 | −0.210 | −0.059 | 0.077 | −0.060 | 0.022 | −0.021 | −0.182 | 0.265 |
(−1.49) | (−0.86) | (−1.21) | (−1.39) | (−0.36) | (0.45) | (−0.32) | (0.12) | (−0.12) | (−0.96) | (1.48) | |
Level of education [ref. is No education] | |||||||||||
Primary | 0.047 | −0.000 | −0.067 | 0.059 | −0.034 | 0.034 | −0.072 | 0.005 | −0.053 | 0.142 | 0.094 |
(1.16) | (−0.01) | (−1.47) | (1.62) | (−0.79) | (0.77) | (−1.47) | (0.10) | (−1.21) | (2.87)*** | (2.02)** | |
Secondary | 0.022 | −0.018 | −0.006 | −0.035 | −0.054 | −0.011 | −0.108 | 0.046 | 0.036 | 0.123 | 0.174 |
(0.51) | (−0.50) | (−0.12) | (−0.91) | (−1.21) | (−0.24) | (−2.08)** | (0.90) | (0.76) | (2.35)** | (3.52)*** | |
Tertiary | −0.030 | −0.031 | −0.069 | −0.015 | −0.017 | −0.059 | −0.108 | 0.129 | 0.065 | 0.122 | 0.166 |
(−0.66) | (−0.82) | (−1.34) | (−0.37) | (−0.35) | (−1.17) | (−1.96)* | (2.36)** | (1.30) | (2.18)** | (3.15)*** | |
Region of birth [ref. Bamako] | |||||||||||
Kayes | −0.026 | −0.020 | 0.074 | 0.032 | 0.119 | 0.142 | 0.099 | 0.063 | 0.007 | 0.013 | 0.056 |
(−0.72) | (−0.68) | (1.83)* | (0.97) | (3.16)*** | (3.59)*** | (2.29)** | (1.46) | (0.18) | (0.30) | (1.37) | |
Koulikoro | −0.166 | −0.072 | 0.021 | −0.014 | −0.039 | −0.111 | 0.011 | −0.103 | 0.049 | −0.052 | −0.053 |
(−2.86)*** | (−1.52) | (0.33) | (−0.27) | (−0.65) | (−1.76)* | (0.15) | (−1.51) | (0.79) | (−0.75) | (−0.80) | |
Sikasso | −0.145 | −0.104 | −0.126 | −0.038 | −0.116 | −0.031 | −0.032 | −0.137 | 0.074 | −0.160 | −0.050 |
(−1.96)* | (−1.70)* | (−1.54) | (−0.56) | (−1.50) | (−0.38) | (−0.36) | (−1.55) | (0.91) | (−1.78)* | (−0.59) | |
Segou | −0.067 | −0.039 | 0.041 | 0.033 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.089 | −0.045 | −0.033 | −0.044 | −0.067 |
(−1.10) | (−0.78) | (0.61) | (0.59) | (0.90) | (0.84) | (1.22) | (−0.62) | (−0.50) | (−0.60) | (−0.95) | |
Mopti | −0.058 | −0.047 | 0.114 | −0.057 | 0.017 | 0.034 | −0.142 | −0.181 | 0.015 | −0.054 | −0.043 |
(−0.66) | (−0.64) | (1.16) | (−0.72) | (0.18) | (0.35) | (−1.33) | (−1.71)* | (0.15) | (−0.50) | (−0.42) | |
Gao/Mopti/ | −0.389 | −0.105 | −0.097 | −0.102 | −0.027 | −0.100 | −0.071 | 0.043 | 0.044 | −0.198 | 0.010 |
Kidal | (−3.01)*** | (−0.99) | (−0.68) | (−0.88) | (−0.20) | (−0.71) | (−0.46) | (0.28) | (0.32) | (−1.26) | (0.06) |
Abroad | 0.040 | 0.028 | 0.177 | 0.155 | 0.058 | 0.136 | 0.123 | 0.023 | 0.051 | 0.079 | −0.025 |
(0.41) | (0.35) | (1.65)* | (1.77)* | (0.58) | (1.28) | (1.06) | (0.20) | (0.48) | (0.68) | (−0.22) | |
Constant | 0.266 | 0.117 | 0.232 | 0.144 | 0.216 | 0.201 | 0.391 | 0.262 | 0.677 | 0.511 | 0.128 |
(3.55)*** | (1.91)* | (2.80)*** | (2.14)** | (2.76)*** | (2.45)** | (4.36)*** | (2.95)*** | (8.35)*** | (5.63)*** | (1.50) | |
Underident. test | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Weak ident. Test(1) | 62.163 | 62.693 | 59.240 | 62.325 | 62.462 | 61.918 | 62.410 | 63.731 | 63.244 | 63.443 | 62.878 |
Sargan (p value) | 0.728 | 0.996 | 0.966 | 0.091 | 0.278 | 0.698 | 0.755 | 0.271 | 0.848 | 0.390 | 0.688 |
Number of obs. | 843 | 843 | 837 | 840 | 845 | 843 | 844 | 849 | 848 | 848 | 848 |