Do migrants adopt new political attitudes from abroad? Evidence using a multi-sited exit-poll survey during the 2013 Malian elections

Chauvet, Lisa; Gubert, Flore; Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine

doi:10.1186/s40878-016-0033-z

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 9 Migrants in Côte d’Ivoire vs. Non-migrants. Two-stage least squares results

From: Do migrants adopt new political attitudes from abroad? Evidence using a multi-sited exit-poll survey during the 2013 Malian elections

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
	DEMOC _i	POLITIC _i	POLITIC2 _i	JUSTICE _i	POLICE _i	MEDIA _i	ARMY _i	INTEREST _i	INTEREST2013 _i	CLOSE POL _i	MEMBERPOL _i
MIGIVOIRE _i ⁽¹⁾	0.234	0.141	−0.098	0.091	0.220	0.095	−0.311	−0.248	−0.250	−0.040	−0.110
	(1.86)*	(1.32)	(−0.72)	(0.77)	(1.61)	(0.70)	(−2.14)**	(−1.77)*	(−2.00)**	(−0.29)	(−0.87)
Male	0.006	0.012	0.081	0.017	−0.022	0.012	0.061	0.143	0.061	0.059	0.029
	(0.17)	(0.39)	(2.04)**	(0.49)	(−0.57)	(0.32)	(1.46)	(3.51)***	(1.63)	(1.45)	(0.78)
Ethnicity (Mother’s tongue) [ref. is other]
Bambara	0.034	0.043	0.055	0.047	0.116	0.069	0.085	0.011	0.056	−0.008	0.015
	(0.60)	(0.88)	(0.88)	(0.88)	(1.91)*	(1.13)	(1.29)	(0.18)	(0.93)	(−0.12)	(0.26)
Malinke	0.085	0.040	0.091	0.025	0.056	0.051	0.115	0.017	0.071	0.070	0.021
	(1.32)	(0.73)	(1.27)	(0.42)	(0.81)	(0.73)	(1.55)	(0.23)	(1.04)	(0.98)	(0.32)
Peul	0.075	−0.010	−0.043	0.135	0.039	0.081	0.134	−0.099	0.051	0.059	0.029
	(0.99)	(−0.16)	(−0.52)	(1.89)*	(0.49)	(0.99)	(1.53)	(−1.16)	(0.65)	(0.71)	(0.38)
Sonraï/Djerma	0.209	−0.008	−0.039	0.078	0.183	0.098	0.076	0.017	0.109	0.082	0.027
	(2.04)**	(−0.09)	(−0.34)	(0.82)	(1.69)*	(0.90)	(0.65)	(0.14)	(1.00)	(0.70)	(0.25)
Dogon	0.189	0.061	0.041	0.103	0.009	0.022	0.193	0.123	0.098	0.032	0.061
	(2.09)**	(0.79)	(0.41)	(1.18)	(0.10)	(0.22)	(1.83)*	(1.21)	(1.04)	(0.32)	(0.67)
Soninke	−0.026	0.013	0.010	−0.018	−0.029	−0.005	−0.013	−0.045	−0.108	−0.043	−0.010
	−0.35)	(0.20)	(0.13)	(−0.26)	(−0.37)	(−0.07)	(−0.16)	(−0.55)	(−1.42)	(−0.54)	(−0.14)
Khassonke	0.102	0.085	−0.078	0.075	0.025	0.167	−0.003	−0.133	−0.117	−0.066	−0.096
	(0.74)	(0.73)	(−0.52)	(0.59)	(0.17)	(1.14)	(−0.02)	(−0.85)	(−0.81)	(−0.43)	(−0.68)
Age category [ref. is 18–25]
[25–35]	−0.013	0.017	0.034	−0.035	−0.037	−0.021	−0.021	−0.045	−0.045	−0.081	0.019
	(−0.32)	(0.51)	(0.77)	(−0.94)	(−0.87)	(−0.50)	(−0.46)	(−0.98)	(−1.06)	(−1.80)*	(0.47)
[35–45]	−0.012	0.072	0.074	0.008	−0.050	0.041	−0.034	0.088	−0.026	−0.094	0.054
	(−0.25)	(1.85)*	(1.48)	(0.19)	(−1.05)	(0.85)	(−0.65)	(1.70)*	(−0.53)	(−1.85)*	(1.17)
[45–60]	−0.002	−0.011	0.025	−0.088	−0.096	−0.030	−0.122	0.112	−0.021	0.003	0.081
	(−0.04)	(−0.25)	(0.44)	(−1.79)*	(−1.75)*	(−0.55)	(−2.05)**	(1.88)*	(−0.39)	(0.06)	(1.51)
[60–75]	0.025	0.008	0.042	−0.100	−0.101	0.023	−0.149	−0.044	−0.128	−0.181	0.007
	(0.35)	(0.13)	(0.55)	(−1.50)	(−1.31)	(0.29)	(−1.84)*	(−0.56)	(−1.73)*	(−2.34)**	(0.10)
75 and more	−0.233	−0.149	−0.301	−0.217	−0.287	0.033	−0.235	0.063	−0.030	−0.155	−0.002
	(−1.67)*	(−1.25)	(−2.03)**	(−1.67)*	(−1.96)*	(0.22)	(−1.48)	(0.41)	(−0.21)	(−1.02)	(−0.02)
Level of education [ref. is No education]
Primary	0.081	0.020	−0.082	0.041	−0.026	0.062	−0.055	−0.067	0.010	0.113	0.133
	(1.86)*	(0.53)	(−1.70)*	(0.99)	(−0.55)	(1.31)	(−1.09)	(−1.32)	(0.22)	(2.27)**	(2.94)***
Secondary	0.022	−0.014	−0.026	−0.047	−0.022	0.045	−0.119	−0.093	0.066	0.112	0.207
	(0.39)	(−0.29)	(−0.42)	(−0.89)	(−0.37)	(0.75)	(−1.83)*	(−1.40)	(1.09)	(1.73)*	(3.48)***
Tertiary	0.015	−0.037	−0.092	−0.042	0.001	−0.009	−0.191	−0.004	0.105	0.097	0.151
	(0.22)	(−0.66)	(−1.29)	(−0.68)	(0.02)	(−0.12)	(−2.50)**	(−0.05)	(1.54)	(1.31)	(2.22)**
Region of birth [ref. Bamako]
Kayes	0.023	0.024	0.062	0.036	0.167	0.169	0.131	0.023	−0.013	−0.003	0.060
	(0.53)	(0.66)	(1.33)	(0.89)	(3.67)***	(3.67)***	(2.65)***	(0.48)	(−0.29)	(−0.05)	(1.38)
Koulikoro	−0.077	−0.052	−0.015	0.021	−0.012	−0.058	0.134	0.045	0.097	0.023	−0.026
	(−1.25)	(−0.98)	(−0.23)	(0.37)	(−0.19)	(−0.88)	(1.91)*	(0.65)	(1.52)	(0.34)	(−0.41)
Sikasso	0.031	0.021	0.017	0.047	−0.015	0.035	0.159	0.098	0.094	−0.042	−0.022
	(0.44)	(0.35)	(0.21)	(0.71)	(−0.19)	(0.46)	(1.94)*	(1.22)	(1.28)	(−0.54)	(−0.31)
Segou	0.052	0.005	0.086	0.024	0.046	0.051	0.147	0.015	0.033	−0.025	−0.062
	(0.83)	(0.09)	(1.23)	(0.41)	(0.68)	(0.75)	(2.02)**	(0.20)	(0.50)	(−0.36)	(−0.96)
Mopti	−0.132	−0.028	0.088	−0.061	−0.023	−0.007	0.030	0.032	0.031	−0.011	−0.009
	(−1.63)	(−0.41)	(0.99)	(−0.80)	(−0.27)	(−0.08)	(0.32)	(0.35)	(0.37)	(−0.12)	(−0.11)
Gao/Mopti/	−0.257	−0.120	−0.017	−0.066	−0.024	0.008	0.061	0.011	0.092	−0.173	−0.068
Kidal	(−2.27)**	(−1.24)	(−0.14)	(−0.61)	(−0.20)	(0.06)	(0.47)	(0.08)	(0.77)	(−1.36)	(−0.58)
Abroad	0.022	0.015	0.157	0.149	−0.019	−0.029	0.199	0.219	0.076	0.111	0.009
	(0.20)	(0.17)	(1.37)	(1.47)	(−0.17)	(−0.25)	(1.61)	(1.85)*	(0.71)	(0.96)	(0.08)
Constant	0.134	0.074	0.259	0.148	0.182	0.137	0.393	0.340	0.620	0.521	0.135
	(1.66)*	(1.07)	(2.89)***	(1.96)**	(2.13)**	(1.59)	(4.24)***	(3.65)***	(7.17)***	(5.65)***	(1.61)
Underident. test	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Weak ident. Test⁽¹⁾	55.606	55.682	56.255	55.267	51.814	52.386	54.637	55.904	61.480	57.415	56.104
Sargan (p value)	0.487	0.396	0.704	0.148	0.231	0.899	0.282	0.505	0.367	0.773	0.216
Number of obs.	902	901	915	889	889	889	893	933	927	934	930

⁽¹⁾The reference category is “Being a non-migrant”
*p < 0.10. **p < 0.05. ***p < 0.01
The list of instruments includes a dummy variable for whether the individual is the household head and the number of fatalities due to civil or social conflicts in Abidjan for when the individual was 24 years old (source: ACLED 2013). Student’s t in parentheses. (1) The Stock-Yogo weak identification test critical value at 10 % is 19.93

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