| Legal status (ref: fully regular or visa at entry) | Total effect (= direct + indirect) | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Confounding ratio (total/direct) | Confounding percentage (indirect/total) | Indirect/direct ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pooled | Fully irregular | −2.122*** | −1.828*** | −0.293*** | 1.16 | 13.81 % | 0.16 |
Mixed (no RP) | 0.817+ | 0.985** | −0.169*** | 0.83 | −20.69 % | −0.17 | |
Mixed (no WP) | −0.725** | −0.584* | −0.141** | 1.24 | 19.45 % | 0.24 | |
No visa at entry | −0.39 | −0.39 | −0.0043 | 1.00 | 1.10 % | 0.01 | |
France | Fully irregular | −0.63+ | −0.34 | −0.30*** | 1.85 | 48 % | 0.88 |
Mixed (no RP) | 2.07** | 2.31*** | −0.23** | 0.90 | −11 % | −0.10 | |
Mixed (no WP) | −0.81* | −0.63+ | −0.19** | 1.29 | 23 % | 0.30 | |
No visa at entry | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.048 | 1.11 | 10Â % | 0.11 | |
Spain | Fully irregular | −3.46*** | −3.32*** | −0.14 | 1.04 | 4 % | 0.04 |
Mixed (no RP) | −1.16 | −1.20 | 0.040 | 0.97 | −3 % | −0.03 | |
Mixed (no WP) | −1.10* | −1.06+ | −0.04 | 1.04 | 4 % | 0.04 | |
No visa at entry | −3.14*** | −3.11*** | −0.02 | 1.01 | 1 % | 0.01 | |
Italy | Fully irregular | −3.19*** | −2.54*** | −0.65*** | 1.26 | 20 % | 0.26 |
Mixed (no RP) | −0.08 | 0.20 | −0.28 | −0.40 | 350 % | −1.40 | |
Mixed (no WP) | −0.95 | −0.77 | −0.19 | 1.23 | 20 % | 0.25 | |
No visa at entry | −0.27 | −0.15 | −0.12 | 1.80 | 44 % | 0.80 |