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Table 8 The effect of emigrant destination

From: Financial remittances, trans-border conversations, and the state

 

Emigration in the US

Emigration in LDCs

 

Ensure well-being

Create jobs

Ensure well-being

Create jobs

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Individual level and interactions

Contact

0.0131

0.0144

0.0147 **

0.0161

 

[0.008]

[0.012]

[0.007]

[0.011]

Contact* % Emigration in US

0.000357

0.000566

  
 

[0.000]

[0.000]

  

Contact* % Emigration in LDCs

  

−0.000738**

−0.00109*

   

[0.000]

[0.001]

Remittances

−0.00748

−0.0206

−0.00629

−0.0197

 

[0.028]

[0.028]

[0.028]

[0.028]

Gov’t efficacy

0.0393***

0.0337***

0.0393***

0.0337***

 

[0.004]

[0.004]

[0.004]

[0.004]

Political interest

0.0401

−0.0676

0.0319

−0.0766

 

[0.075]

[0.089]

[0.074]

[0.086]

Constant

5.644***

5.764***

5.634***

5.757***

 

[0.068]

[0.080]

[0.066]

[0.077]

Country level

% Emigration in US

−0.00425*

−0.00343

  
 

[0.002]

[0.003]

  

% Emigration in LDCs

  

0.00830**

0.00783*

   

[0.004]

[0.004]

N 2

18

18

18

18

N 1

53830

53559

53830

53559

  1. HLM estimations. Sociodemographic controls are age, age^2, gender, education, marital status, employment status, race, socioeconomic status. Country Level variables centered around the grand mean. Individual Level variables centered around the country mean. Dummy variables are not centered. The slope of contact is allowed to vary across countries
  2. Standard errors in brackets * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01