Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for Variables Used in the Analysis, Polish Migrants in the UK

Dependent

 Electoral engagement

Count of engagement in homeland-related electoral political activities

1694

1,89

1,00

 Non-electoral engagement

Count of engagement in homeland-related non-electoral political activities

1694

0,54

0,62

Independent

 Integration:

  Time in migration

Years of residence in the UK in 2010

1682

4,64

4,18

  Temporary migrant

1 = intended duration of stay is between 3 months and 5 years

1694

0,38

0,49

  Double citizen

1 = citizen of the UK and homeland citizen

1694

0,03

0,16

  Permanent resident

1 = homeland citizen and permanent resident in the UK

1694

0,44

0,50

  Temporary resident

Reference category

 Emigrant networks:

  Diaspora links

A count of types of links with the Polish emigrant community in the UK (range: 0–3)

1694

0,26

0,49

  Network source

The difference between homeland-related and host-country sources of support; values above 0 indicate prevalence of homeland sources and vice versa

1694

0,46

0,66

 Destination (UK regions):

  GVA per capita

Log Gross Value Added (GVA) per head, in GBP, by NUTS1, 2009

1694

9.95

0.28

  Emigrant density

Logged ratio of estimated Polish migrant population to NUTS1 region population, 2010

1694

1.34

0.41

  Multiracial attitudes

Percent who disagree that “It is a good thing that Britain is a multiracial society” by NUTS1, 2004 (NI not included in the original study)

1641

15.19

6.25

Controls

 Demographic:

  Age

Respondent’s age in years

1682

33,09

9,96

  Gender

1 = male; 0 = female

1582

0,45

0,50

  Marital status

1 = married; 0 = otherwise

1694

0,41

0,49

 Socioeconomic status:

  College graduate

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1615

0,04

0,19

  High school graduate

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1615

0,67

0,47

  Did not graduate from high school

Reference category

  Manager

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1621

0.05

0.22

  Blue-collar

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1621

0.40

0.49

  Unemployed

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1621

0.05

0.21

  Student

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1694

0.01

0.11

  Retired

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1621

0.00

0.06

  White-collar

Reference category

 Origins:

  Political motive for emigration

1 = the respondent’s departure from Poland included a political motive

1694

0,49

1.03

  Originates from Warsaw

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1694

0,11

0,32

  Originates from Western Poland

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1307

0,58

0,49

  Originates from Eastern Poland

Reference category

 Homeland links:

  Remittance frequency

Respondent sends money to family and/or friends in homeland: 2 = regularly; 1 = sometimes; 0 = never.

1681

0,67

0,76

  Contact frequency

Frequency of contact with family members and friends in homeland on a 5-point scale; larger values indicate more frequent contact

1647

3,62

1,06

  First vote abroad

1 = yes; 0 = otherwise

1658

0.65

0.48