Table 3 Poisson Models of Homeland Political Engagement

Independent:

Integration:

 Time in host country

0.975***

1.017*

0.975***

1.018*

0.977***

1.036***

(0.004)

(0.010)

(0.004)

(0.010)

(0.004)

(0.008)

 Temporary migrant

1.054***

1.076

1.051***

1.066

1.036**

0.904

(0.014)

(0.186)

(0.015)

(0.192)

(0.015)

(0.165)

 Host-country citizen

1.144***

0.531*

1.142***

0.512*

1.129

0.436***

(0.058)

(0.184)

(0.056)

(0.179)

(0.088)

(0.137)

 Permanent resident

0.921***

1.116

0.923***

1.160

0.897***

0.997

(0.021)

(0.184)

(0.021)

(0.192)

(0.021)

(0.208)

Emigrant networks:

 Diaspora links

1.036

1.453**

1.035

1.486**

1.020

1.399

(0.032)

(0.260)

(0.032)

(0.271)

(0.029)

(0.299)

 Network source

0.985

0.948

0.988

0.899

0.974

1.025

(0.033)

(0.150)

(0.034)

(0.147)

(0.033)

(0.169)

Destination (UK regions):

 GVA per capita

1.097

4.785***

1.041

0.582

1.138

3.276*

(0.089)

(2.659)

(0.153)

(0.723)

(0.115)

(2.130)

 Emigrant density

0.996

0.249***

1.025

0.446*

0.971

0.306***

(0.062)

(0.095)

(0.058)

(0.204)

(0.081)

(0.130)

 Multiracial attitudes

1.000

0.938

(0.004)

(0.039)

Controls:

Demographic:

 Age

1.005*

1.034***

1.004*

1.033***

1.006***

1.035***

(0.003)

(0.006)

(0.003)

(0.006)

(0.002)

(0.008)

 Gender (male)

1.091***

0.967

1.098***

0.974

1.082***

0.939

(0.022)

(0.086)

(0.024)

(0.086)

(0.022)

(0.112)

 Marital status (married)

0.972

0.683*

0.977

0.673*

0.959***

0.771

(0.018)

(0.152)

(0.017)

(0.152)

(0.014)

(0.168)

Socioeconomic status:

 College graduate

0.986

0.845

0.967

0.818

0.973

0.986

(0.070)

(0.300)

(0.073)

(0.273)

(0.063)

(0.350)

 High school graduate

1.020

1.143

1.007

1.095

1.042

1.194

(0.031)

(0.094)

(0.027)

(0.085)

(0.028)

(0.189)

 Manager

1.052

1.774**

1.052

1.757**

1.034

1.678

(0.048)

(0.500)

(0.049)

(0.502)

(0.044)

(0.725)

 Blue-collar

0.924**

0.658

0.930**

0.666

0.925**

0.571**

(0.030)

(0.171)

(0.028)

(0.166)

(0.034)

(0.153)

 Unemployed

1.048

0.775

1.062

0.803

1.063

0.374

(0.050)

(0.407)

(0.048)

(0.427)

(0.061)

(0.331)

 Student

0.837

0.602

0.836

0.576

0.830

0.605

(0.155)

(0.639)

(0.156)

(0.572)

(0.143)

(0.665)

 Retired

0.881

1.269

0.882

1.155

0.964

1.285

(0.270)

(1.196)

(0.270)

(1.085)

(0.209)

(1.176)

Origins:

 Political motive for emigration

0.925***

1.197

0.925***

1.232

0.890***

0.921

(0.026)

(0.293)

(0.027)

(0.284)

(0.031)

(0.206)

 From Warsaw

1.134***

1.725**

1.132***

1.687**

(0.033)

(0.371)

(0.033)

(0.360)

 From West Poland

0.936**

0.657

(0.030)

(0.172)

Home links:

 Remittance frequency

0.983

1.431***

0.983

1.449***

0.993

1.487***

(0.015)

(0.116)

(0.016)

(0.119)

(0.014)

(0.166)

 Family contact

1.026*

1.486***

1.026*

1.461***

1.015

1.413***

(0.014)

(0.078)

(0.014)

(0.077)

(0.014)

(0.175)

 First election abroad

0.836***

0.726***

0.840***

0.733***

0.826***

0.742**

(0.014)

(0.077)

(0.014)

(0.082)

(0.018)

(0.087)

 Constant

0.756

0.000***

1.461

0.057

0.512

0.000***

(0.852)

(0.000)

(2.556)

(0.835)

(0.726)

(0.000)

 Observations

1,515

1,515

1,464

1,464

1,215

1,215

 UK Regions

11

11

10

10

11

11

 Log pseudolikelihood

−868.4

−136.3

−843.6

−134.3

−705.7

−111.0

 Deviance goodness-of-fit

306.20

195.79

295.51

192.32

224.09

158.28

 Pearson goodness-of-fit

257.89

649.17

248.50

612.36

195.84

463.15