Table 3 Summary of comparison
From: Trajectories of emigrant quasi-citizenship: a comparative study of Mexico and Turkey
| Â | Mexico | Turkey |
|---|---|---|
Citizenship regimes | Mexico-US constellation section | Turkey-Germany constellation section |
Quasi-citizenship | Pulls the equilibrium away from dual citizenship | Pushes the equilibrium towards dual citizenship |
Emigration state regime | Territorial | Ethno-cultural |
Immigration state regime | US: Long tradition of liberal regime | Germany: Late and partial liberalisation |
Historical context of emigration | Demographic, economic and political pressures in Mexico section | Demographic, economic and political pressures in Turkey section |
Demographic pressures | Initially underpopulated | Overpopulated |
Economic pressures | Compatible with development objectives | Compatible with development objectives |
Political pressures | Exit as a safe option for opposition | Exit as a safe option for opposition |
Sending state policies | Incentives, perceptions and demand for emigrant incorporation in Mexico section | Incentives, perceptions and demand for emigrant incorporation in Turkey section |
Economic incentives | Rising importance of remittances | Declining importance of remittances |
Political incentives | Modest importance of regional integration, intensifying in the 1990s | High importance of regional integration, sustained over time |
Perception of emigrants | Contempt for cultural dissimilation | Contempt for cultural dissimilation |
Emigrants’ interest | Little or modest interest in home politics | Persistence of home politics in the country of residence |
Institutionalisation of relations | Central efforts of coordination | Central efforts of coordination |