Table 1 Means/percentages (Standard Deviations) of dependent and independent variables

Child’s health is good/very good

40.69

59.19

Type of separation

100

100

 Parents in the country and in a marital union

67.15

63.45

 Parents in the country and divorced

8.62

8.55

 Parent(s) abroad and in a marital union

19.93

21.88

 Parent(s) abroad and divorced

4.31

6.12

Household type

100

100

 Non-migrant household

54.97

51.42

 Migrant household

28.11

39.11

 Returned migrant household

16.92

9.47

Duration of migration

100

100

 Non-migrant household

71.89

60.89

 Short period abroad

23.01

25.34

 Long period abroad

5.10

13.77

Parental migration and caregiver’s identity

100

100

 Non-migrant: live with both parents

77.51

74.65

 Father migrant: mother caregiver

11.39

15.19

 Mother migrant: father caregiver

7.07

7.30

 Both parents abroad: grandmother caregiver

3.17

2.47

 Both parents abroad: other caregiver

0.87

0.39

Remittances

100

100

 Non-migrant household

71.89

60.89

 Migrant household: no

10.27

11.22

 Migrant household: yes

17.84

27.89

Child is female

48.07

46.04

Age (in years)

14.3 (2.59)

13.44 (2.40)

Caregiver years of education

10.85 (2.58)

12.88 (2.68)

Good living conditions

74.35

70.92

Nr. of People per Nr. of Rooms

1.31 (0.72)

1.34 (0.87)

Number of children in household

1.83 (1.04)

1.84 (0.82)

Distant relationship with the caregiver

11.50

7.36

Happiness status caregiver

6.52 (2.11)

6.52 (2.2)

Region Moldova

100

 Centre

38.04

 Chisinau

5.84

 North

28.17

 South

27.95

Region Georgia

100

 Tbilisi

26.94

 Guria

2.87

 Adjara

11.49

 Shida-Kartli

5.82

 Kaxeti

6.06

 Kvemo-Kartli

12.66

 Samegrelo

11.57

 Imereti

16.30

 Samcxe-Javaxeti

3.26

 Mcxeta-Tianeti

3.03