| Model A3 | Model A4 |
---|---|---|
Social Identification | ||
 Turkish identification | −.12 (.19) | .20 (.11)†|
 Islamic identification | .02 (.06) | .20 (.13) |
Perceived Discrimination | ||
 Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals | −.21 (.23) | .06 (.07) |
 Group discrimination of Muslims | −.08 (.07) | .09 (.16) |
 Personal experiences of discrimination | .02 (.07) | .04 (.06) |
Control variables | ||
 Age | .07 (.02)*** | .08 (.02)*** |
 Women (ref. men) | .04 (.12) | −.01 (.12) |
 Middle education (ref. lower) | −.30 (.40) | −.20 (.48) |
 Higher education (ref. lower) | .25 (.51) | .31 (.63) |
 Hours worked per week | .00 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
 Monthly income | −.04 (.06) | −.08 (.06) |
 Language proficiency | .13 (.03)*** | .11 (.04)** |
 National identification | .25 (.11)* | .21 (.10)* |
 National-origin composition neighborhood | −.03 (.07) | −.02 (.07) |
 Turkish best friend (ref. native best friend) | −.58 (.19)** | −.36 (.21)†|
 Other origin best friend (ref. native best friend) | −.18 (.21) | .14 (.21) |
 Islamic denomination (ref. Sunni) | ||
 Shia | .62 (.38) | .72 (.44) |
 Alevi | .40 (.28) | .45 (.29) |
 Other Muslims | −.10 (.10) | −.09 (.10) |
 Non-believer | .22 (.17) | / |
Countries (ref. Austria) | ||
 France | −.00 (.33) | .14 (.27) |
 Germany | −.37 (.41) | −.56 (.36) |
 Switzerland | −.02 (.49) | .20 (.45) |
 The Netherlands | .91 (.34)** | .94 (.30)** |
Interaction effects | ||
 Turkish identification*Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals | .07 (.04) |  |
 Islamic identification*Group discrimination of Muslims |  | .04 (.03) |
N | 1627 | 1229 |
Df | 30 | 28 |
Prob>Chi2 | .000 | .000 |