| Model A7 | Model A8 |
---|---|---|
Social Identification | ||
 Turkish identification | −.24 (.41) | .21 (.11)* |
 Islamic identification | .02 (.06) | .01 (.48) |
Perceived Discrimination | ||
 Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals | −.21 (.44) | .06 (.08) |
 Group discrimination of Muslims | −.08 (.07) | −.35 (.61) |
 Personal experiences of discrimination | −.24 (1.03) | −.10 (1.12) |
Control variables | ||
 Age | .07 (.02)*** | .08 (.02)*** |
 Women (ref. men) | .04 (.12) | −.00 (.12) |
 Middle education (ref. lower) | −.32 (.41) | −.19 (.52) |
 Higher education (ref. lower) | .23 (.52) | .32 (.66) |
 Hours worked per week | .00 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
 Monthly income | −.05 (.06) | −.07 (.06) |
 Language proficiency | .13 (.03)*** | .12 (.04)** |
 National identification | .25 (.11)* | .21 (.11)* |
 National-origin composition neighborhood | −.03 (.07) | −.02 (.07) |
 Turkish best friend (ref. native best friend) | −.57 (.19)** | −.38 (.21)†|
 Other origin best friend (ref. native best friend) | −.17 (.21) | .12 (.20) |
 Islamic denomination (ref. Sunni) | ||
 Shia | .64 (.40) | .75 (.48) |
 Alevi | .40 (.28) | .46 (.29) |
 Other Muslims | −.10 (.11) | −.08 (.10) |
 Non-believer | .22 (.17) | / |
Countries (ref. Austria) | ||
 France | −.01 (.32) | .16 (.27) |
 Germany | −.38 (.41) | −.52 (.36) |
 Switzerland | −.03 (.48) | .22 (.44) |
 The Netherlands | .90 (.34)** | .97 (.31)** |
Interaction effects | ||
 Turkish identification * Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals | .08 (.08) |  |
 Turkish identification * Personal discrimination | .09 (.21) |  |
 Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals * Personal discrimination | .03 (.25) |  |
 Turkish identification * Group discrimination of Turkish-origin individuals * Personal discrimination | −.01 (.05) |  |
 Islamic identification * Group discrimination of Muslims |  | .08 (.13) |
 Islamic identification * Personal discrimination |  | .07 (.26) |
 Group discrimination of Muslims * Personal discrimination |  | .17 (.27) |
 Islamic identification * Group discrimination of Muslims * Personal discrimination |  | −.05 (.06) |
N | 1627 | 1229 |
Df | 33 | 31 |
Prob>Chi2 | .000 | .000 |