Time for tolerance: exploring the influence of learning institutions on the recognition of political rights among immigrants

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 6 Predicting political tolerance: separate dimensions of political participation

	Model 1	Model 2
Time in Sweden (log)	7.1 (2.6)***	4.2 (2.2)*
Political participation: voting		3.3 (1.8)*
Political participation: party activities		2.5 (5.2)
Political participation: contacting		−0.1 (4.2)
Political participation: reactive manifestations		3.1 (2.8)
Political participation: proactive manifestations		5.6 (4.5)
Constant	95.3	94.9
N	696	696
R ²	0.086	0.105

Entries are ordinary least-squares (OLS) estimates with standard errors in parenthesis. The sample is weighted to be representative of people who have immigrated to Sweden. In this analysis, the overall political participation index (cf. note 14) is replaced with variables representing five dimensions of political participation listed in table. Reactive manifestations refers to the following items: ‘has signed a petition’; ‘has boycotted certain products’; ‘has deliberately bought certain products for political, ethical or environmental reasons’; and ‘has donated money’. Proactive manifestations refers to the following items: ‘has worn or displayed a campaign badge or sticker’; ‘has participated in a public demonstration’; and ‘has raised funds’. All control variables are also included in the respective regression equations, as well as the variables representing the other learning institutions (cf. Table 1 above) but not reported here. The dependent variable political tolerance runs from 0 (no group is politically tolerated) to 100 (all four groups are politically tolerated)
Statistical significance: ***p < .01, * p < .10