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Table 3 Logistic regression on the probability of being unemployed vs. employed (ref.). Gross models (0) controlling separately for educational level and time of education

From: How much can you take with you? The role of education in explaining differences in the risk of unemployment between migrants and natives

 

Spain

France

UK

Level

Time

Level

Time

Level

Time

Native (ref.)

 Immigrant

0.104

0.137

−0.319

−3.420**

0.067

−4.259*

(0.232)

(0.662)

(0.513)

(1.427)

(0.433)

(2.337)

Primary education (ref.)

 Secondary

− 0.625***

 

−0.324

 

− 0.746***

 

(0.107)

 

(0.289)

 

(0.141)

 

 Tertiary

−1.545***

 

−1.188***

 

− 1.535***

 

(0.125)

 

(0.302)

 

(0.155)

 

Ethnic orirgin#Education

 Immigrant#Secondary

0.115

 

0.869

 

−0.345

 

(0.274)

 

(0.567)

 

(0.527)

 

 Immigrant#Tertiary

0.844**

 

1.772***

 

0.746

 

(0.364)

 

(0.633)

 

(0.496)

 

 Age

−0.041***

−0.046***

− 0.040***

− 0.040***

− 0.045***

− 0.046***

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

Male (ref.)

 Female

0.070

0.039

0.254***

0.231**

−0.206**

−0.270***

(0.079)

(0.080)

(0.098)

(0.100)

(0.086)

(0.093)

Years of education

 

−0.227***

 

− 0.192***

 

− 0.154***

 

(0.023)

 

(0.037)

 

(0.026)

Immigrant#Years of education

 

−0.028

 

0.496**

 

0.465*

 

(0.091)

 

(0.201)

 

(0.269)

Years of education2

 

0.004***

 

0.004***

 

0.003***

 

(0.001)

 

(0.001)

 

(0.001)

Immigrant#Years of education2

 

0.004

 

−0.012*

 

−0.010

 

(0.003)

 

(0.007)

 

(0.007)

 Constant

1.029***

2.487***

−0.170

1.138***

0.539***

1.078***

(0.174)

(0.267)

(0.350)

(0.412)

(0.206)

(0.297)

 Observations

4,073

3,959

4,621

4,489

6,106

5,549

  1. Standard errors in parentheses
  2. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1