Table 2 Proposals for data and research: Thematic Session II Addressing drivers of migration, including adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters and human-made crises, through protection and assistance, sustainable development, poverty eradication, conflict prevention and resolution
(a) Concepts and Data | |
Issues Brief: Comprehensive, comparable and disaggregated data are needed for understanding of causes of migration Need for longitudinal data to adequately grasp longer-term processes and evolutions driving migratory patterns, such as climate change, demographic transitions, and structural transformation. Need to strengthen all national data resources to include gender and age disaggregation in national censuses, surveys and administrative sources. Promote international cooperation among countries and other stakeholders in data collection, analysis and dissemination of migration data | |
Co-facilitators Summary: Specification of concepts of human-made crisis Specification of armed conflict as driver of migration Specification of causes of migration vis a vis failure to adapt to changing conditions versus adaptation strategies. Need for longitudinal data on environmental change and migration Need for data disaggregation for group specific vulnerabilities, risks and propensities Need for international coordination, harmonization and interoperability of data collection and analysis Critical analysis of migration categories in relationship to climate change and environmental crises Analysis of migration as a multi-causal phenomenon Information on gaps in protection of populations Promote research and data collection, including longitudinal data, that reflects multi-dimensional nature of migration Collect migration data at local and household levels Integrate qualitative and quantitative data on migration Collect migration data over time, and longitudinally Harmonize methodologies of data collection and analysis among national institutions, and among Promote sharing of data and approaches to analysis within and among nations Strengthen the capacities of national institutions to ensure data gathering, disaggregation and analysis | |
Stakeholders: Definition of migration within context of freedom of movement Specification of concepts of environmental migration Specification of concepts of adaptation Develop methods of climate risk analysis Blurring of categories of forced migration Documentation of reasons for migration Data on levels and locations of armed conflict Data on climate, environmental and population change, by geography Data on reasons for migration Need for data on slow onslaught environmental change in relationship to migration Data on population displacement (internal and international) due to environmental disasters Collection of data on obstacles to migration Need for data on unprotected groups of forced migrants and their characteristics Need for longitudinal data and analysis of migration and development Need for longitudinal data and analysis of migration and development Migration processes in rural and agricultural areas Improve comparability of migration data for regional analysis | |
(b) Descriptive analysis | |
Issues Brief: Description of characteristics, vulnerabilities of migrants versus resident populations at different stages of crisis | |
Co-facilitators Summary: Description of needs and vulnerabilities of all migrants, not just those qualifying as refugees under the Convention. Gender differences in characteristics of all migrants, including refugees and nonrefugees Determination of needs and characteristics of different types of migrants, including refugees and nonrefugees Gender differences in the migration process Develop accurate and country-specific migration profiles | |
Stakeholders: Social and economic characteristics of persons displaced by environmental crises, by length of displacement Document role of women in peace keeping and peace building projects and sustainable development | |
Recognition of contribution and resilience of women migrants Description of resilience, capacity of communities and community organization vis a vis climate and environmental change Description on migration processes in rural and agricultural areas Trends in sudden onset hazard events by geography Regional analysis of migration Regional analysis of response to migration and migrants Patterns of innovation in agricultural sectors | |
(c) Explanatory Analysis | |
Issues Brief: Research on scalar dimensions of drivers of migration (geographic scale, location, distance and duration) in relationship to the effects of migration (to inform) effective efforts both protect migrants and increase the benefits of migration Interactions between drivers of migration and migration decision-making regarding channels and means of migration Improved understanding of the variation in perception of risk of effects of climate change Effects cross border environmental change and crisis on migration and mobility Particular vulnerability of migrants with regions with emerging conflict and unrest. Longer-term effects of conflict on livelihoods, health and security | |
Co-facilitators Summary: Interrelationships between migration and development Relationship between demographic changes (change in growth, distribution and age composition) as cause of migration Improved understanding of the drivers of migration that promote development Relationship between slow-onset climate change and socioeconomic vulnerabilities Effects of environmental disasters on internal displacement and on international migration Relationship among climate change, disasters, and migration Multi-dimensional and intersecting drivers of migration requires a holistic perspective on causes (and consequences) of migration Drivers of internal displacement and effects on other forms of migration Relationship between conditions of migration to development effects of migration Analysis of migration at different scales – household and national, regional Analysis of migration as a family livelihood strategy in response to poverty Effects of global skills partnerships on increasing the benefits of migration in meeting labour market needs Conceptualization of migration as adaption strategy within context of climate change Relate [multidimensional, holistic] perspectives and research on migration to frameworks relating to Address gender dimensions of the drivers of migration, at all stages of the migratory process | |
Stakeholders: Drivers of dangerous migration Role of armed violence in forced migration Determinants of risk-related migration Determinants of non-migration Social determinants of migration Role of lack of economic opportunities as driver of migration; breakdown of social contract Perception of lack of opportunity as motivating factor migration Constraints on maximizing economic opportunities Human rights abuses as driver of migration Effects of working conditions (decent jobs) on push for out migration Effect of levels of engagement of humanitarian law on levels and nature of forced migration Role of perception of environmental change in mobility decision-making Role of local governments in promoting positive effects of migration Role of community and regional contextual factors on migration decision-making Effects of on slow onset environmental change on migration Role of households in migration decision-making within context of environmental change Relationships among poverty, length of displacement by environmental disasters and human rights abuses Linkages between climate change and international migration Factors contributing to building community resilience and adaptive strategies Effects of development infrastructure and land use change on population movements Role of remittances in household responses to environmental change, hazards Assess role of women in peace keeping and peace building projects and sustainable development Role of civil society organizations in response to migration and protection, needs of migrants Contextual analysis of drivers of migration; regional analysis Role of diaspora in supporting return migration Mixing and multiple drivers of migrations as a challenge for migration policy Interregional differences in migration Role of non-economic factors influencing migration; importance of social, transnational networks Implications of countries of origin becoming countries of destination Effects of investment climate on the effects of remittances Factors contributing to the transfer and effects of social remittances Two-way relationships between migration and development | |
(d) Research Design, Models and Estimation | |
Issues Brief: Population growth and dynamics in relationship to prospects for development at national, and regional scales Models of migration propensities, plans and behaviors Estimation of future migration flows in relationship to the effects of climate change Modeling positive choice in migration decision-making in relationship to different stages, forms of environmental change Modelling effects of trends in development, political stability and migration opportunities in relationship to different forms of migration Modelling effects of improved governance (human rights protection, nondiscriminatory labor practices, provision of health and welfare services) on migration and the effect of migration “Promote international repositories of analysis on migration drivers and enhance the use of evidence for policy formulation and programme design, including in monitoring and evaluation systems.” | |
Co-facilitators Summary: Projection of population movements resulting from environmental change (need for longitudinal data) Monitor emergence and decline of crises in relationship to displacement and migration Predication/anticipation of conflict and crisis at national and local levels | |
Stakeholders: Models of adaptive strategies for environmental change Models of different forms and spatial-temporal patterns of environmental change Need for transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary perspectives on environmental change and migration Projection of population and labour force, by geographic region Models of environmental disasters and migration Implementing climate risk analysis Modeling trends in poverty reduction and migration (‘migration hump’ analysis) Imagining migration as a choice versus necessity Modeling national mitigation strategies in relationship to environmental migrations Estimation of vulnerable households and communities at risk of displacement by environmental disasters Modeling interactions among population growth, urbanization, rising consumption and population displacement Projection of population by vulnerabilities of children to effects of climate change, and exacerbation of inequalities among and within countries Incorporate voices of migrants as ‘experts in their own conditions’ in monitoring, research and analysis Establish indicators for accountability Identify/monitor issues which are under researched Promote action research concerning migration Adopt robust results framework Conduct case studies of innovations and best practices in migration governance, and fostering positive effects of migration for development |