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Table 1 Explanatory model for group responsiveness to direct democratic elections

From: The integrative force of political institutions? Direct democracy and voter turnout across ethnic and nativity groups

 

3rd generation plus

2nd generation

1st generation

Asian

Hispanic

Asian

Hispanic

Experience with democratic elections

Ref. cat.

similar

similar

lower

similar

Non-electoral political mobilization

Ref. cat.

lower

higher

lower

higher

Activating effect via DD compared to 3rd generation plus

Ref. cat.

same or lower

same or higher

lower

same or higher

  1. DD Direct democracy