Table 2 TOP-3 routes to Europe of African migrants (1975–2008), by origin and country of residence
From: Three sub-Saharan migration systems in times of policy restriction
Country of Origin | Country of residence | 1st route | 2nd route | 3rd route | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DR Congo | Belgium | DRC-Belgium (70%) | DRC-Angola-Belgium (4%) | DRC-France-Belgium (4%) | 278 |
UK | DRC-UK (55%) | DRC-Belgium-UK (8%) | DRC-France-UK (7%) | 149 | |
Ghana | UK | Ghana-UK (76%) | Ghana-Nigeria-UK (4%) | Ghana-Germany-UK (3%) | 149 |
Netherlands | Ghana-Netherlands (65%) | Ghana-Germany-Netherlands (6%) | Ghana-Italy-Netherlands (5%) | 273 | |
Senegal | France | Senegal-France (79%) | Senegal-Spain-France (4%) | Senegal-Morocco-France (3%) | 200 |
Italy | Senegal-Italy (69%) | Senegal-France-Italy (15%) | Senegal-Spain-Italy (4%) | 203 | |
Spain | Senegal-Spain (64%) | Senegal-Morocco-Spain (9%) | Senegal-Italy-Spain (4%) | 200 |