Three sub-Saharan migration systems in times of policy restriction

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 3 Motives of return from Europe by origin (1975–2008). Percentage of return migrants

	Ghana	DR Congo	Senegal
Family reasons	12	14	34
Work reasons	18	41	13
Studies reasons	34	23	18
Difficulties at destination^a	5	13	2
Administrative reasons	12	4	15
Investment	18	0	2
Other reasons	2	3	11
No response	–	2	6
Total	100	100	100
N	120	78	101

Source: MAFE Biographical surveys (2008–2009)
Weighted results
Sample: Migrants interviewed in Europe and Africa who had stayed for at least one year in Europe and had returned to Ghana, Senegal, or Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo)
Interpretation: 18% of returns to Senegal and 23% of returns to DR Congo are due to completion of education in Europe
^aAnswers include: financial problems / low earnings; racism / xenophobia; fed up / deceived with life abroad; hard living conditions, etc.