Table 2 Individual equality dimension robustness checks (1980–2008)

MRER_ij

0.374^c (0.161)

0.883^c (0.352)

0.359^d (0.206)

GDP per Capita_j (US$ in Thousands)

0.083^a (0.018)

0.046^a (0.013)

0.078^a (0.016)

Immigrant Electorate_i

0.070^a (0.020)

0.027 (0.018)

0.057 (0.037)

Trade Union Density_i

0.008^c (0.004)

−0.003 (0.004)

0.010^c (0.005)

Right-Wing Populist Vote Share_i

0.003 (0.005)

0.002 (0.004)

0.004 (0.005)

Polity Score_j

0.125^a (0.016)

0.115^a (0.018)

GDP per Capita_i (US$ in Thousands)

0.003 (0.008)

0.008 (0.011)

GDP Growth_i

−3.675 (3.418)

−3.902 (3.642)

Real Effective Exchange Rate_i

0.000 (0.003)

0.001 (0.004)

Immigration Policy_i

0.032 (0.072)

0.027 (0.070)

Ln (Population)_i

0.647 (1.079)

0.862 (1.396)

Population Share of Immigrants_i

7.406^a (1.368)

7.993^a (1.575)

Colonial Migration % from j in i

−0.474^d (0.252)

−0.010 (0.427)

Linguistic Proximity between i and j

−0.057 (0.101)

0.155 (0.248)

Country Fixed Effects

✔

✔

✔

Year Fixed Effects

✔

✔

✔

Observations

40

40

40

Countries

10

10

10

R²

0.976

0.943

0.977