Table 2 Longitudinal associations between percent-immigrant on immigration attitudes and its moderators (UK; BESIP) – fixed-effects modelling

 Mean earnings

−0.073

0.080

0.125

0.012

0.011

−0.028

−0.027

0.111

0.022

(0.063)

(0.149)

(0.154)

(0.072)

(0.072)

(0.069)

(0.069)

(0.156)

(0.072)

 % Unemployed

0.007

0.011

0.012

0.007

0.007

0.006

0.007

0.016+

0.004

(0.004)

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.009)

(0.004)

 % non-UK born

−0.003*

− 0.005+

0.003

− 0.003*

− 0.005**

− 0.003+

− 0.004*

0.004

− 0.005**

(0.001)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.005)

(0.002)

 Welfare too low

0.058***

0.086***

0.084***

(0.010)

(0.015)

(0.016)

 % non-UK born * Welfare too low

−0.003*

−0.004**

(0.001)

(0.001)

 Government should not reduce inequality

−0.004**

−0.007**

−0.007**

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

 % non-UK born * Government should not reduce inequality

0.000+

0.000+

(0.000)

(0.000)

 baseline: financial situation stayed the same

  Got worse

0.004

−0.003

−0.011

−0.002

(0.007)

(0.011)

(0.026)

(0.011)

  Got better

0.012+

−0.009

−0.002

−0.008

(0.007)

(0.012)

(0.028)

(0.013)

 % non-UK Born * got worse

0.001

0.002

0.001

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

 % non-UK Born * got better

0.002*

0.001

0.003*

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

Constant

3.971***

2.094

1.589

3.087***

3.111***

3.453***

3.449***

1.697

2.994***

(0.658)

(1.553)

(1.603)

(0.745)

(0.745)

(0.718)

(0.718)

(1.627)

(0.748)

N

107,433

34,163

33,531

84,141

84,141

90,776

90,776

32,694

83,286