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Table 3 Logistic regression analyses of propensity to migrate by country

From: Re-thinking the drivers of regular and irregular migration: evidence from the MENA region

 

Algeria

Egypt

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Palestine

Sudan

Tunisia

Yemen

Socio-demographics

Male

1.26*** (0.15)

2.71*** (0.21)

0.09 (0.11)

0.59*** (0.12)

− 0.23 (0.27)

0.57*** (0.12)

− 0.13 (0.15)

1.07*** (0.13)

0.29** (0.13)

0.80*** (0.14)

0.61*** (0.13)

1.74*** (0.16)

Age

− 0.06*** (0.01)

− 0.09*** (0.01)

− 0.02*** (0.00)

− 0.03*** (0.00)

− 0.03*** (0.01)

− 0.02*** (0.00)

− 0.02*** (0.01)

− 0.06*** (0.01)

− 0.02*** (0.01)

− 0.04*** (0.01)

− 0.03*** (0.01)

− 0.06*** (0.01)

University

0.14*** (0.04)

0.03 (0.05)

0.10*** (0.03)

0.07** (0.03)

0.13* (0.07)

0.09*** (0.03)

0.12*** (0.04)

0.13*** (0.04)

0.16*** (0.03)

0.15*** (0.03)

0.15*** (0.04)

0.15*** (0.03)

Unemployed

0.13 (0.19)

0.63** (0.26)

0.16 (0.16)

− 0.28 (0.19)

0.56 (0.47)

− 0.15 (0.22)

− 0.09 (0.21)

0.36** (0.16)

0.64*** (0.18)

− 0.23 (0.18)

0.38** (0.18)

0.13 (0.17)

Unmarried

0.58*** (0.19)

− 0.09 (0.23)

− 0.05 (0.13)

0.32* (0.17)

0.17 (0.29)

0.24* (0.14)

0.41** (0.18)

0.21 (0.18)

0.51*** (0.15)

0.13 (0.15)

0.40** (0.17)

− 0.13 (0.17)

High income

− 0.02 (0.15)

− 0.11 (0.17)

− 0.23** (0.10)

− 0.07 (0.12)

0.69*** (0.25)

0.05 (0.16)

− 0.01 (0.17)

− 0.12 (0.14)

− 0.03 (0.13)

− 0.05 (0.13)

0.14 (0.14)

0.22 (0.13)

Religious

0.25 (0.18)

− 0.34** (0.17)

− 0.32*** (0.10)

− 0.31** (0.12)

− 0.05 (0.44)

− 0.09 (0.13)

− 0.08 (0.18)

− 0.52*** (0.15)

− 0.38*** (0.13)

0.02 (0.14)

− 0.09 (0.14)

− 0.40*** (0.15)

(Perceived) economic and political context

Economic pessimism

0.20*** (0.07)

0.03 (0.09)

0.14*** (0.04)

0.16*** (0.05)

0.22* (0.12)

0.10* (0.06)

− 0.01 (0.06)

0.23*** (0.06)

0.05 (0.05)

0.12** (0.06)

0.25*** (0.05)

0.23*** (0.07)

Perceived democracy

− 0.04 (0.03)

− 0.17*** (0.04)

− 0.06*** (0.02)

− 0.07*** (0.02)

− 0.17*** (0.06)

− 0.04* (0.02)

− 0.03 (0.03)

− 0.09*** (0.03)

− 0.08*** (0.03)

− 0.09*** (0.03)

− 0.05** (0.02)

0.00 (0.03)

Perceived corruption

§

0.14 (0.14)

0.37*** (0.09)

0.32*** (0.09)

0.36 (0.25)

0.44*** (0.09)

0.03 (0.12)

0.39*** (0.09)

0.15* (0.08)

0.32*** (0.09)

0.35*** (0.11)

0.36*** (0.09)

Access to migrant networks

Use social media

0.32*** (0.09)

0.21 (0.13)

0.06 (0.05)

0.10 (0.07)

− 0.29* (0.16)

− 0.03 (0.06)

0.32*** (0.09)

0.14 (0.10)

0.19*** (0.07)

0.03 (0.09)

0.18*** (0.07)

0.17* (0.10)

Trust social media

0.22** (0.10)

− 0.07 (0.10)

0.17*** (0.05)

0.22*** (0.07)

0.03 (0.14)

0.16** (0.08)

− 0.10 (0.10)

0.21*** (0.07)

0.18** (0.08)

0.13* (0.08)

0.21*** (0.07)

0.19*** (0.07)

Receive remittances

0.19 (0.15)

0.10 (0.14)

0.27** (0.12)

0.24* (0.14)

0.19 (0.26)

0.19* (0.11)

0.24 (0.17)

0.28** (0.13)

0.27*** (0.10)

0.13 (0.10)

0.41*** (0.12)

0.16* (0.09)

Psychological factors

Feel free to make decision

0.38*** (0.13)

0.05 (0.13)

0.11 (0.08)

0.08 (0.09)

− 0.03 (0.24)

0.23** (0.10)

0.04 (0.12)

0.11 (0.10)

0.03 (0.09)

0.02 (0.11)

0.00 (0.11)

0.07 (0.11)

Stress

0.23* (0.12)

0.33** (0.15)

0.15* (0.08)

0.35*** (0.09)

0.27 (0.24)

0.16 (0.11)

0.35*** (0.10)

0.24** (0.11)

0.22** (0.10)

0.34*** (0.12)

0.29*** (0.08)

0.43*** (0.13)

Depression

0.13 (0.12)

− 0.03 (0.14)

0.15* (0.08)

0.03 (0.10)

0.05 (0.22)

0.24** (0.11)

0.09 (0.11)

0.05 (0.10)

0.12 (0.11)

0.05 (0.11)

0.09 (0.08)

− 0.08 (0.12)

Interpersonal trust

0.07 (0.26)

− 0.36* (0.19)

− 0.23 (0.19)

− 0.37* (0.21)

0.97*** (0.30)

0.48* (0.27)

− 0.40 (0.30)

− 0.17 (0.18)

− 0.28 (0.20)

− 0.14 (0.19)

− 0.44* (0.25)

− 0.32** (0.15)

Constant

− 4.14*** (0.88)

− 0.34 (1.14)

− 3.25*** (0.61)

− 2.51*** (0.67)

− 3.72** (1.69)

− 5.21*** (0.76)

− 2.75*** (0.87)

− 2.48*** (0.73)

− 3.13*** (0.67)

− 1.87** (0.74)

− 3.97*** (0.73)

− 3.84*** (0.70)

Observations

2332

2302

2429

2325

1344

2395

1938

2298

2388

1714

2298

2339

  1. Missing variables imputed. Standard errors in parentheses. Statistical significance: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. § responses not available for country