Skip to main content

Table 1 Transnational criminal remittances by organization type

From: Transnational gangs and criminal remittances: a conceptual framework

Organization type

Criminal remittances

Motivation for transnationalization

Agency for remittances

Transnational organizational capacity

Examples

Traditional international cartel

Organizational structure, personnel, and other resources for trafficking

Control and expansion of cross-border smuggling routes; integration of supply chains

Organization

High

Sicilian Mafia, Sinaloa Cartel

Diaspora gang

Potential recruits, extortion victims, information

Deportation of undesirable migrants

State

Medium

MS-13, Barrio 18

Outlaw motorcycle club

Franchise model, subcultural group identity

Initiative by aspiring franchise leaders

Individual

Low

Satudarah, Hells Angels, Bandidos