From: Transnational gangs and criminal remittances: a conceptual framework
Organization type | Criminal remittances | Motivation for transnationalization | Agency for remittances | Transnational organizational capacity | Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional international cartel | Organizational structure, personnel, and other resources for trafficking | Control and expansion of cross-border smuggling routes; integration of supply chains | Organization | High | Sicilian Mafia, Sinaloa Cartel |
Diaspora gang | Potential recruits, extortion victims, information | Deportation of undesirable migrants | State | Medium | MS-13, Barrio 18 |
Outlaw motorcycle club | Franchise model, subcultural group identity | Initiative by aspiring franchise leaders | Individual | Low | Satudarah, Hells Angels, Bandidos |