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Table 1 Adoption and implementation of extraterritorial voting in violent democracies

From: Transnational voting rights and policies in violent democracies: a global comparison

Country

Adoption

Implementation

Argentina

1991

1993

Bolivia

1991

2009

Colombia

1961

1962

Dominican Republic

1997

2004

El Salvador

2013

2014

Guatemala

2016

–

Honduras

1981

2001

India

2015

–

Kenya

2010

2013

Liberia

–

–

Malawi

–

–

Mexico

1996

2006

Nigeria

–

–

Pakistan

2013

–

Philippines

1987

2004

Sierra Leone

2012

–

South Africa*

2009

2009

  1. Data from Wellman, Allen and Nyblade (Forthcoming) and reflect adoption and implementation as of 2020
  2. *External voting was originally extended in South Africa in 1993 for the 1994 transitional election, rescinded in 1998, and subsequently re-instated by a constitutional court ruling in 2009 (Wellman, 2021)