Total | Very low | Low | Medium | High | Very high | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Differences between host countries | ||||||
Ranking | − 0.02 (0.01) | − 0.09*** (0.02) | 0.04* (0.02) | − 0.10*** (0.02) | − 0.01 (0.02) | 0.07*** (0.02) |
GDP | 1.17*** (0.01) | 0.74*** (0.02) | 1.06*** (0.02) | 1.29*** (0.02) | 1.56*** (0.02) | 1.61*** (0.02) |
Change over time within host countries | ||||||
Ranking | 0.02** (0.01) | 0.07*** (0.01) | 0.04** (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | − 0.02 (0.01) |
GDP | 0.35*** (0.01) | 0.19*** (0.02) | 0.42*** (0.02) | 0.29*** (0.01) | 0.37*** (0.01) | 0.34*** (0.01) |
Linguistic and colonial ties | ||||||
Common language | 2.34*** (0.02) | 2.46*** (0.05) | 2.48*** (0.05) | 2.14*** (0.06) | 1.52*** (0.07) | 0.59*** (0.06) |
Colonial past | 1.24*** (0.04) | 1.53*** (0.12) | 1.41*** (0.11) | 1.73*** (0.11) | 1.30*** (0.08) | 0.90*** (0.08) |
Control variables | ||||||
Student population Host Country (Between) | 1.57*** (0.01) | 1.70*** (0.02) | 1.70*** (0.02) | 1.88*** (0.02) | 1.55*** (0.02) | 1.16*** (0.02) |
Student Population Host Country (Within) | 0.12*** (0.01) | 0.15*** (0.02) | 0.13*** (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.12*** (0.02) | − 0.05** (0.02) |
Population aged 15–24 Origin country (Between) | 1.13*** (0.01) | 0.85*** (0.01) | 1.37*** (0.01) | 1.09*** (0.02) | 1.05*** (0.02) | 0.83*** (0.01) |
Population aged 15–24 Origin country (Within) | 0.20*** (0.01) | 0.23*** (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.18*** (0.02) | 0.34*** (0.02) | 0.16*** (0.01) |
Distance | − 0.95*** (0.01) | − 0.79*** (0.01) | − 1.19*** (0.02) | − 1.19*** (0.02) | − 1.01*** (0.01) | − 0.78*** (0.01) |
Common Border | 2.82*** (0.04) | 2.93*** (0.12) | 1.95*** (0.11) | 3.33*** (0.09) | 3.02*** (0.06) | 2.38*** (0.06) |
Number of observations | 148,463 | 30,146 | 30,286 | 29,046 | 29,810 | 28,932 |
Number of country Pairs | 16,058 | 3901 | 4540 | 4206 | 4720 | 3672 |
Number of host countries | 119 | 116 | 117 | 116 | 114 | 115 |
Number of origin countries | 145 | 37 | 45 | 41 | 48 | 35 |