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Table 2 Regression analyses on the determinants of the choice of destination country of international students, split up by HDI quintile of Origin Countries

From: The student migration transition: an empirical investigation into the nexus between development and international student migration

 

Total

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

Differences between host countries

      

  Ranking

− 0.02 (0.01)

− 0.09*** (0.02)

0.04* (0.02)

− 0.10*** (0.02)

− 0.01 (0.02)

0.07*** (0.02)

  GDP

1.17*** (0.01)

0.74*** (0.02)

1.06*** (0.02)

1.29*** (0.02)

1.56*** (0.02)

1.61*** (0.02)

Change over time within host countries

      

  Ranking

0.02** (0.01)

0.07*** (0.01)

0.04** (0.01)

0.00 (0.01)

0.02 (0.01)

− 0.02 (0.01)

  GDP

0.35*** (0.01)

0.19*** (0.02)

0.42*** (0.02)

0.29*** (0.01)

0.37*** (0.01)

0.34*** (0.01)

Linguistic and colonial ties

     

  Common language

2.34*** (0.02)

2.46*** (0.05)

2.48*** (0.05)

2.14*** (0.06)

1.52*** (0.07)

0.59*** (0.06)

  Colonial past

1.24*** (0.04)

1.53*** (0.12)

1.41*** (0.11)

1.73*** (0.11)

1.30*** (0.08)

0.90*** (0.08)

Control variables

      

  Student population Host

Country (Between)

1.57*** (0.01)

1.70*** (0.02)

1.70*** (0.02)

1.88*** (0.02)

1.55*** (0.02)

1.16*** (0.02)

  Student Population Host

Country (Within)

0.12*** (0.01)

0.15*** (0.02)

0.13*** (0.01)

0.01 (0.02)

0.12*** (0.02)

− 0.05** (0.02)

  Population aged 15–24

Origin country (Between)

1.13*** (0.01)

0.85*** (0.01)

1.37*** (0.01)

1.09*** (0.02)

1.05*** (0.02)

0.83*** (0.01)

  Population aged 15–24

Origin country (Within)

0.20*** (0.01)

0.23*** (0.02)

0.02 (0.02)

0.18*** (0.02)

0.34*** (0.02)

0.16*** (0.01)

  Distance

− 0.95*** (0.01)

− 0.79*** (0.01)

− 1.19*** (0.02)

− 1.19*** (0.02)

− 1.01*** (0.01)

− 0.78*** (0.01)

  Common Border

2.82*** (0.04)

2.93*** (0.12)

1.95*** (0.11)

3.33*** (0.09)

3.02*** (0.06)

2.38*** (0.06)

Number of observations

148,463

30,146

30,286

29,046

29,810

28,932

Number of country Pairs

16,058

3901

4540

4206

4720

3672

Number of host countries

119

116

117

116

114

115

Number of origin countries

145

37

45

41

48

35

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. Standard errors are between brackets. All continuous variables are standardized. Included in the regression but not shown in the table is a dummy variable indicating whether a value on the student population of the host country was imputed