Financial remittances, trans-border conversations, and the state

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 1 Financial vs. social remittances and the role of the state (baseline models)

	Create jobs	Ensure well-being	Reduce inequality	Create jobs	Ensure well-being	Reduce inequality
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Remittances	0.026	0.014	0.043
	[0.026]	[0.027]	[0.026]
Family Abroad	0.048 ^**	0.042 ^**	0.0311*
	[0.019]	[0.020]	[0.019]
Dependence				−0.000755	−0.00290	0.00671
				[0.009]	[0.010]	[0.009]
Contact				0.0221 ^***	0.0176 ^**	0.0110*
				[0.006]	[0.007]	[0.006]
Gov’t efficacy	0.018^***	0.024^***	0.031^***	0.0183^***	0.0232^***	0.0302^***
	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]
Political interest	0.019^**	−0.014^*	−0.035^***	0.0193^**	−0.0137*	−0.0353^***
	[0.007]	[0.008]	[0.007]	[0.007]	[0.008]	[0.007]
Intercept	5.739^***	5.114^***	5.680^***	5.734^***	5.114^***	5.683^***
	[0.070]	[0.072]	[0.070]	[0.070]	[0.072]	[0.070]
Observations	54089	53910	53796	53951	53773	53654
R ²	0.060	0.041	0.061	0.061	0.042	0.061
Sociodemographic controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Country fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Sociodemographic controls are age, age^2, gender, education, marital status, employment status race, socioeconomic status
Robust standard errors in brackets *p < 0.1 **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01