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Table 5 Speeches explicitly related to emigrant issues classified by migrant background (Ecuador and Colombia). Total number and column percent. Source: Author’ own

From: Contained or represented? The varied consequences of reserved seats for emigrants in the legislatures of Ecuador and Colombia

Country

Period

MP

NO

YES

TOTAL

Ecuador

2009–2013

NEMP

8,242

50

8,292

(97.2%)

(40.0%)

(96.4%)

EMP

237

75

312

(2.8%)

(60.0%)

(3.6%)

Total

8,479

125

8,604

*Chi-square = 1153.5. p-value < 0.01

Ecuador

2013–2017

NEMP

3.938

129

4,067

(98.0%)

(65.5%)

(96.5%)

EMP

80

68

148

(2.0%)

(34.5%)

(3.5%)

Total

4,018

197

4,215

*Chi-square = 586.4. p-value < 0.01

Colombia

2010–2014

NEMP

11,526

26

11,552

(99.0%)

(76.5%)

(98.9%)

EMP

120

8

128

(1.0%)

(23.5%)

(1.1%)

Total

11,646

34

11,680

*Chi-square = 158.33. p-value < 0.01

Colombia

2014–2018

NEMP

10,695

65

10,760

(98.6%)

(67.7%)

(98.3%)

EMP

156

31

187

(1.4%)

(32.3%)

(1.7%)

Total

10,851

96

10,947

*Chi-square = 539.5. p-value < 0.01