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Table 2 GDP and GNI per capita in $ and HDI, Russia compared with its neighbours and some relevant sending countries (2012) (World Bank 2018b and 2018c, UNDP 2017)

From: Shifts in the global migration order and migration transitions in Europe: the cases of Turkey and Russia

Country

GDP per capita

Difference with Russia in %

GNI per capita

Difference with Russia in %

HDI/rank

Russia

14,612

100

13,860

100

0.778 (54)

Kazakhstan

11,935

86

11,380

82.1

0.757 (70)

Turkey

10,666

76.2

10,950

79

0.759 (69)

Turkmenistan

7987

57

6880

49.6

0.698 (103)

Azerbaijan

7392

52.8

6030

43.5

0.747 (75)

China

6807

46.6

6560

47.3

0.719 (91)

Ukraine

3867

27.6

3960

28.6

0.734 (83)

Georgia

3508

25

3570

25.8

0.744 (81)

Armenia

3338

23.8

3790

27.3

0.730 (87)

Moldova

2038

14.6

2460

17.7

0.663 (114)

Uzbekistan

1878

13.4

1900

13.7

0.661 (116)

Kirgizstan

1263

9

1200

8.7

0.628 (125)

Tajikistan

1037

7.4

990

7.1

0.607 (133)