Fig. 2
From: Three sub-Saharan migration systems in times of policy restriction
Migration policy changes regarding entry, integration, and return of non-European migrants in Belgium, UK, France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands, 1960–2010 – average index. Note: Positive values on vertical axis = more restrictive. Negative values on vertical axis = less restrictive. Source: DEMIG POLICY database recoded by the authors