Table 1 Pseudo-panel analysis of anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Western and Eastern Europe

Fixed effects

Fixed effects

Fixed effects

Fixed effects

Satisfied with life

 − 0.023**

 − 0.004

 − 0.030**

 − 0.021

(0.008)

(0.014)

(0.009)

(0.015)

Trust in Press

 − 0.035

 − 0.008

0.003

 − 0.054

(0.021)

(0.067)

(0.021)

(0.065)

Trust in others

 − 0.008

0.014

 − 0.061

0.124

(0.027)

(0.072)

(0.037)

(0.071)

Left/right spectrum

0.015*

 − 0.009

0.015**

0.006

(0.005)

(0.014)

(0.005)

(0.016)

Politcal system: Democratic

 − 0.058*

0.022

 − 0.066*

 − 0.023

(0.027)

(0.045)

(0.026)

(0.042)

Proud of nationality

 − 0.027

0.078

 − 0.033

0.081

(0.018)

(0.045)

(0.016)

(0.042)

How important: God

0.001

0.024*

0.005

0.002

(0.007)

(0.010)

(0.006)

(0.011)

Unemployed

0.054

 − 0.073

0.020

 − 0.087

(0.041)

(0.077)

(0.046)

(0.101)

Student

0.022

 − 0.028

0.029

 − 0.055

(0.018)

(0.043)

(0.018)

(0.040)

Year dummy (1999 as reference)

2008

0.021

0.033

0.053**

0.036

(0.014)

(0.028)

(0.017)

(0.029)

2017

0.038*

0.157**

0.058**

0.145*

(0.016)

(0.049)

(0.018)

(0.066)

N

2095

1727

2094

1727

Within R²

0.110

0.397

0.163

0.307