Taking high-stakes venture to make ends meet? Determinants and impacts of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 9 Propensity score and covariate balancing

Variables	Sample	Mean		Test
Variables	Sample	Treated	Control	t-value	p > t
Sex	Unmatched	0.5376	0.78	4.9130	0.000***
	Matched	0.55689	0.554	0.06	0.954
Age	Unmatched	51.57	50.66	− 0.8582	0.3914
	Matched	51.335	51.359	− 0.02	0.982
Marital status	Unmatched	1.775	1.468	− 2.803	0.005***
	Matched	1.7246	1.6303	0.82	0.410
Family size	Unmatched	5.48	5	− 2.966	0.003***
	Matched	5.4192	5.5727	− 0.87	0.383
Education status	Unmatched	1.942	2.023	0.7469	0.4556
	Matched	1.9641	1.8884	0.69	0.493
Livestock	Unmatched	3.129	3.81	2.848	0.004***
	Matched	3.187	3.1288	0.25	0.801
Access to credit	Unmatched	0.393	0.31	− 1.693	0.0913*
	Matched	0.38323	0.42048	− 0.69	0.489
Engagement in off/non-farm activities	Unmatched	0.364	0.42	1.099	0.272
	Matched	0.35329	0.36386	− 0.20	0.841
Cooperative membership	Unmatched	0.5086	0.664	2.9768	0.003***
	Matched	0.52695	0.57295	− 0.84	0.400
Land size	Unmatched	0.6778	0.91	4.77	0.000***
	Matched	0.69611	0.74334	− 0.90	0.366
Network	Unmatched	0.6647	0.439	− 4.31	0.000***
	Matched	0.6587	0.60493	1.02	0.310
Peer/family pressure	Unmatched	0.7514	0.526	− 4.477	0.000***
	Matched	0.74251	0.70008	0.86	0.389
Employment-	Unmatched	0.497	0.589	1.72	0.085*
	Matched	0.50898	0.54253	− 0.61	0.541