Table 6 Direct and indirect effect estimates of course enrollment on pro-immigrant sentiment

Indirect indirect via cosmopolitanism

0.021 + 

0.040**

0.010 + 

0.019**

0.018 + 

0.034**

(0.011)

(0.013)

(0.006)

(0.007)

(0.010)

(0.012)

Indirect via isolationism

0.027**

0.011

0.019**

0.008

0.028*

0.011

(0.010)

(0.009)

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.011)

(0.010)

Total indirect effect

0.050**

0.051**

0.030**

0.027*

0.046**

0.045**

(0.017)

(0.017)

(0.010)

(0.010)

(0.016)

(0.016)

Direct effect

0.094*

0.022

0.074*

0.015

0.042

0.044

(0.042)

(0.044)

(0.034)

(0.035)

(0.049)

(0.050)

Total effect (direct +indirect)

0.143**

0.073

0.103**

0.042

0.088 + 

0.089 + 

(0.045)

(0.047)

(0.035)

(0.036)

(0.050)

(0.052)

Ratio of indirect to direct

0.657

2.32

0.405

1.8

1.10

1.022

Proportion of total effect mediated

0.397

0.699

0.288

0.643

0.523

0.506