A multilevel analysis of factors influencing teenagers’ identification with Europe: the effects of migration and learning opportunities

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables

Variable	Mean	Variance	ICC	IE	SES
Gender (1 = girl)	0.52	0.25	.055
Non-European immigration history (1 = yes)	0.24	0.18	.147
Dominant religion (1 = yes)	0.82	0.15	.165
Identification with Europe (IE)	3.18	0.37	.041
Socioeconomic status (SES)	0.10	1.00	.256	.043
Opportunities to learn about Europe	49.38	9.52	.079	.217***	.071*

Level 1 correlations given only for continuous variables, ICC Intraclass correlation. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001;