Table 2 Results of multiple regression analyses for mother’s parenting practices and socialization goals (unstandardized coefficient B, standard error in brackets)

Turkey

−.446***

(.064)

−.198**

(.071)

.092

(.083)

.384***

(.068)

.163*

(.073)

Russia

−.124**

(.038)

−.118**

(.041)

.080

(.050)

.495***

(.040)

.271***

(.042)

Poland

−.076

(.066)

−.059

(.072)

.024

(.086)

.401***

(.070)

.177*

(.073)

Region (Reference group: West Germany)

.020

(.025)

−.029

(.029)

.004

(.033)

.128***

(.028)

.052

(.030)

Years of education (mother)

−.002

(.003)

.003

(.003)

.004

(.004)

−.043***

(.003)

−.002

(.003)

Number of children

−.068***

(.010)

.018

(.011)

−.046***

(.013)

−.048***

(.011)

−.032**

(.012)

Child’s age

.014***

(.004)

.057***

(.004)

.207***

(.005)

.035***

(.004)

.024***

(.004)

Constant

.129**

(.049)

−.249***

(.056)

−.751***

(.064)

.544***

(.053)

−.011

(.057)

R²

.023

.033

.232

.095

.014

Adjusted R²

.022

.032

.231

.094

.013

N

n_g = 4,969

n_t = 100

n_r = 271

n_p = 94

n_g = 5,317

n_t = 107

n_r = 323

n_p = 102

n_g = 4,960

n_t = 100

n_r = 274

n_p = 94

n_g = 5313

n_t = 105

n_r = 317

n_p = 100

n_g = 5,329

n_t = 107

n_r = 322

n_p = 101