Immigrant political participation is associated with more positive majority immigration attitudes across European countries and Swiss cantons

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 1 Descriptive statistics and correlations for Study 1

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
(1) Gender	1.53	0.50	–
(2) Age	50.37	18.83	0.04**	–
(3) Education	13.92	7.73	0.00	− 0.14**	–
(4) Policy preferences	2.42	0.83	0.00	0.13**	− 0.17**	–
(5) Threat perceptions	4.99	2.27	0.01**	0.08**	− 0.18**	0.64**	–
(6) Political orientation	5.12	2.24	− 0.04**	0.01	− 0.01	0.16**	0.12**	–
(7) Immigrant %	12.69	6.67							–
(8) Immigrant political participation ESS	0.98	0.54							0.19	–
(9) Immigrant political participation EU-MIDIS II	0.27	0.20							0.07	0.82**	–

Individual-level variables drawn from ESS Round 8 or 9, country-level variables drawn from ESS Round 8 and 9 and EU-MIDIS II
In Table 1 and 2 we only report correlations between individual-level variables and correlations between country-level variables. We do not report the correlations between individual and country-level variables as simple correlational analysis cannot take into account the multilevel structure and would therefore be biased
^†p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (2-tailed). Gender: 0 = male, 1 = female in all the tables