Immigrant political participation is associated with more positive majority immigration attitudes across European countries and Swiss cantons

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 2 Descriptive statistics and correlations for Study 2

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
(1) Gender	1.51	0.50	–
(2) Age	49.99	19.67	− 0.01	–
(3) Education	12.29	5.29	− 0.17**	0.10**	–
(4) Political orientation	5.16	2.06	− 0.18**	0.19**	0.01	–
(5) Threat perceptions	4.09	1.70	0.01	− 0.02	− 0.19**	0.32**	–
(6) Immigrant %	29.52	7.74						–
(7) Immigrant political participation ESS	0.85	0.34						0.21	–
(8) Immigrants' political participation MMS	0.62	0.09						0.34	0.45*	–

Individual-level variables drawn from ESS Round 9, canton-level variables drawn from Migration-Mobility Survey and ESS Round 7, 8 and 9
^†p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (2-tailed). Gender: 0 = male, 1 = female in all the tables