Table 5 Model variables used in the analyses (variables, questions and values)
Variables | Survey questions | Answer categories (original) |
|---|---|---|
Occupational status | ||
(10–90) ISEI-88 | Generated variable provided by SOEP based on the following questions: What is your current position/occupation? What sector of business or industry is your company or institution active in for the most part? | (open) |
Employment status | ||
(0) Unemployed (1) Employed | Generated variable provided by SOEP based on the following questions: Are you currently employed? Which one of the following applies best to your status? | (1) Full-time employment (2) Regular part-time (3) Vocational training (4) Marginal, irregular part-time (5) Not employed (6) Sheltered workshop |
Inter-ethnic, intra-ethnic and high-position contact | ||
(0–3) | These variables are a combined measure based on the following questions: Please think of three people outside of your household who are important to you personally. They can be relatives or non-relatives. Respond for the first, second and third person Where does this person come from? Are you from the same country? Which is the highest educational degree he or she has attained? | [Name 1] [Name 2] [Name 3] (1) West Germany (2) East Germany (3) From a different country (1) Yes (2) No (1) No degree (2) Lower track (3) Middle track (4) Higher school certificate |
Work experience | ||
In years | Generated variable provided by SOEP based on monthly information from the calendar dataset. We included full-time and part-time work experiences. | |
Education | ||
In years | Generated variable provided by SOEP indicating the school year or year in vocational training in Germany and abroad. | |
Length of stay | ||
In years | The variable uses the interview year minus the year the respondent moved to Germany: Please indicate the year you moved to Germany: | (open) |
German language competence | ||
(1) Not at all (2) Badly (3) Okay (4) Well (5) Very well | The variable is a combined measure based on the following question: How well do you know German? (speaking, writing) | (1) Not at all (2) Badly (3) Okay (4) Well (5) Very well |
Gender | ||
(0) Male (1) Female | The variable is based on a generated variable provided by the SOEP. | |
Partner (in the household) | ||
(0) No partner in the household (1) Partner in the household | The variable is a combined measure based on the following questions: Are you in a serious/permanent relationship? Do you live in the same household? | (1) Yes (2) No |
Number of children (in the household) | ||
The variable is a combined measure of two generated variables provided by the SOEP: Number of children in household, age 0–13 Number of children in household, age 14–18 | ||
Country of birth | ||
(1) Turkey (2) Europe (3) Other | The variable is a reduced version of the question: Which country were you born in? | |
Social activities | ||
(1) Never (2) Sometimes (3) Frequently | The variable is a combined measure based on the following questions: How often do you … … attend church or other religious events? … attend sports? … perform volunteer work? … attend social gatherings? | (1) Daily (2) At least once a week (3) At least once a month (4) Seldom (5) Never |
Ethnic residential segregation | ||
(1) None (2) Less than one-quarter (3) About a quarter (4) About half (5) Most (6) All | How many foreigners are living in your residential area? | (1) None (2) Less than one-quarter (3) About a quarter (4) About half (5) Most (6) All |