Polish immigrants and their children in Canada and Sweden, employment status and income patterns

Comparative Migration Studies

Table 4 Marginal effect (at the average of all coefficients) of being employed, Canada and Sweden, 2015 / 2016

	Canada			Sweden
	Coef	s.e	sig	coef	s.e	Sig
Female
Observations	7,961,200			2,342,739
R2	0.09			0.15
Native-born not Polish (comparison)
Native-born with 1 parent born in Poland	0.02	0.01		− 0.04	0.00	***	†
Native-born with 2 parents born in Poland	0.00	0.01		− 0.07	0.01	***	†
Immigrant from Poland	− 0.27	0.01	***	− 0.38	0.00	***	†
Other immigrant	− 0.31	0.00	***	− 0.48	0.00	***	†
Male
Observations	7,650,415			2,407,648
R2	0.1			0.12
Native-born not Polish (comparison)
Native-born with 1 parent born in Poland	0.00	0.01		− 0.05	0.00	***	†
Native-born with 2 parents born in Poland	− 0.01	0.01		− 0.09	0.01	***	†
Immigrant from Poland	− 0.10	0.01	***	− 0.25	0.00	***	†
Other immigrant	− 0.14	0.00	***	− 0.40	0.00	***	†

The 2016 Census of Canada is a 25% sample of Canadian households. As per Statistics Canada requirement we show the weighted number of observations
Significance: *0.1; **0.05; ***0.01
Regressions control for age, age squared, years in the host country for immigrants, years in the host country squared, schooling, marital status, number of children and residence in the 3 largest cities
^†Indicates that the coefficients for Canada and Sweden are statistically different from each other at the 0.05 level